Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
Microbiol Res. 2024 Nov;288:127885. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127885. Epub 2024 Aug 30.
Established as a plant macronutrient, potassium (K) substantially bestows plant growth and thus, global food production. It is absorbed by plants as potassium cation (K) from soil solution, which is enriched through slow-release from soil minerals or addition of soluble fertilizers. Contribution of bioavailable K from soil is usually insignificant (< 2 %), although the earth's crust is rich in K-bearing minerals. However, K is fixed largely in interlayer spaces of K-bearing minerals, which can be released by K-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Acidithiobacillus. The underlying mechanisms of K dissolution by KSB include acidolysis, ion exchange reactions, chelation, complexolysis, and release of various organic and inorganic acids such as citric, oxalic, acetic, gluconic, and tartaric acids. These acids cause disintegration of K-bearing minerals and bring K into soil solution that becomes available to the plants. Current literature review updates the scientific information about microbial species, factors, and mechanisms governing the bio-intrusion of K-bearing minerals. Moreover, it explores the potential of KSB not only for K-solubilization but also to enhance bioavailability of phosphorus, nitrogen, and micronutrients, as well as its other beneficial impact on plant growth. Thus, in the context of sustainable agricultural production and global food security, utilization of KSB may facilitate plant nutrient availability, conserve natural resources, and reduce environmental impacts caused by chemical fertilizers.
钾（K）作为一种植物的大量元素，对植物的生长起着至关重要的作用，进而影响全球粮食的产量。植物从土壤溶液中吸收钾阳离子（K），土壤溶液中的钾来源于土壤矿物的缓慢释放或可溶性肥料的添加。土壤中有效钾的贡献通常微不足道（<2%），尽管地壳中富含含钾矿物。然而，K 主要固定在含钾矿物的层间空间中，这些矿物可以被解钾细菌（KSB）如芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌、肠杆菌和嗜酸硫杆菌释放。KSB 溶解 K 的潜在机制包括酸解、离子交换反应、螯合、络合和解离各种有机酸和无机酸，如柠檬酸、草酸、醋酸、葡萄糖酸和酒石酸。这些酸会破坏含钾矿物，使 K 进入土壤溶液，供植物吸收。本文综述了有关控制含钾矿物生物入侵的微生物种类、因素和机制的科学信息。此外，还探讨了 KSB 不仅可以用于 K 溶解，还可以提高磷、氮和微量元素的生物有效性，以及对植物生长的其他有益影响。因此，在可持续农业生产和全球粮食安全的背景下，利用 KSB 可以促进植物养分的有效性，节约自然资源，减少化肥造成的环境影响。
