Hardenberg Jan-Hendrik B, Stockmann Helena, Eckardt Kai-Uwe, Schmidt-Ott Kai M
Medizinische Klinik m. S. Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Charité - Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Deutschland.
Nephrologe. 2021;16(1):20-25. doi: 10.1007/s11560-020-00471-1. Epub 2020 Dec 22.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and severe complication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the intensive care unit. The development of COVID-19 associated AKI is closely linked to the severity of the disease course. The main risk factor for kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy is the necessity for invasive ventilation, whereby the onset of renal failure is often closely associated with the timing of intubation. Additionally, the risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19 have been shown to also be risk factors for renal failure. AKI in COVID-19 shows a high mortality and in some patients leads to chronic kidney disease; however, full recovery of kidney function in survivors who need dialysis is not uncommon. With respect to prevention and treatment of renal failure associated with COVID-19, the same recommendations as for AKI from other causes are valid (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes, KDIGO bundles). Due to the large numbers of patients in the setting of overwhelmed resources, the availability of extracorporeal renal replacement procedures can become critical, especially since hypercoagulation is frequent in COVID‑19. In order to avoid triage situations, in some centers acute peritoneal dialysis was used as an alternative to extracorporeal procedures.
急性肾损伤(AKI)是重症监护病房中2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)患者常见且严重的并发症。COVID-19相关AKI的发生与疾病进程的严重程度密切相关。需要肾脏替代治疗的肾衰竭的主要危险因素是有创通气的必要性,肾衰竭的发生往往与插管时间密切相关。此外,COVID-19病程严重的危险因素也已被证明是肾衰竭的危险因素。COVID-19中的AKI死亡率很高,在一些患者中会导致慢性肾脏病;然而,需要透析的幸存者肾功能完全恢复的情况并不少见。关于与COVID-19相关的肾衰竭的预防和治疗,与其他原因导致的AKI相同的建议是有效的(肾脏病:改善全球预后,KDIGO集束治疗)。由于资源不堪重负情况下患者数量众多,体外肾脏替代程序的可用性可能变得至关重要,特别是因为COVID-19中高凝状态很常见。为了避免分诊情况,在一些中心,急性腹膜透析被用作体外程序的替代方法。