Marinaci Tiziana, Carpinelli Luna, Venuleo Claudia, Savarese Giulia, Cavallo Pierpaolo
Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Italy.
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Italy.
Heliyon. 2020 Dec 16;6(12):e05766. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05766. eCollection 2020 Dec.
With the advent of Covid-19, health workers have been under constant physical and psychological pressure. Italy was among the first countries to face the health emergency in a period of great uncertainty about the virus and the ways to treat patients. The present study aims to analyse the levels of emotional distress (ED) and psychosomatic symptoms (PS) of Italian frontline health workers during the Covid-19 emergency, and their relationship with the evaluation of the institutional responses received. A survey was available online during the peak of health system overload. Health workers' ED, PS and perceived overall wellbeing were assessed, along with the perceived adequacy of the emotional support, hygiene and safety measures, and protection received from the national government, regional administration and local hospital. A total of 103 questionnaires were collected [Women: 51.5%; mean age, 41.8 years; SD: ±10,7; high-risk zone: 41.7%]. Correlation analyses were applied to investigate the relationship between the measures of emotional distress and psychosomatic symptoms; ANOVA was applied to compare these measures among groups from different risk zones and with different perceived emotional and safety protection. About half of the health workers showed medium or high scores on emotional exhaustion, exceeded the cut-off for medium, high or very high psychosomatic symptom burdens, felt they have never or rarely been protected by the institutional responses and judged the emotional support received as inadequate; 32% judged the safety and hygiene measures as insufficient. Significant associations were found between measures of ED, PS and perceived change in personal wellbeing. Differences in perceived institutional support and adequacy of hygiene and safety measures related to significant differences in PS and perceived change in personal wellbeing. ED and PS were widely experienced by frontline health workers. Physical and psychological symptoms were amplified by the perceived lack of institutional support. Ensuring PS and hygiene and safety measures is essential to prevent worsening of health and psychosomatic symptoms in frontline health workers.
随着新冠疫情的出现，医护人员一直承受着持续的身体和心理压力。意大利是最早在对病毒及治疗患者方法存在巨大不确定性的时期面临卫生紧急情况的国家之一。本研究旨在分析意大利一线医护人员在新冠疫情紧急期间的情绪困扰（ED）和心身症状（PS）水平，以及它们与对所收到的机构应对措施评价之间的关系。在卫生系统超负荷的高峰期进行了一项在线调查。评估了医护人员的情绪困扰、心身症状和感知到的总体幸福感，以及对情感支持、卫生和安全措施的感知充分性，以及从国家政府、地区行政部门和当地医院获得的保护。共收集了103份问卷[女性：51.5%；平均年龄41.8岁；标准差：±10.7；高风险地区：41.7%]。应用相关分析来研究情绪困扰和心身症状测量指标之间的关系；应用方差分析来比较不同风险地区以及感知到不同情感和安全保护的组之间的这些测量指标。约一半的医护人员在情绪耗竭方面表现为中度或高分，超过了中度、高度或非常高的心身症状负担的临界值，感觉他们从未或很少受到机构应对措施的保护，并认为所获得的情感支持不足；32%的人认为安全和卫生措施不足。在情绪困扰、心身症状测量指标与个人幸福感感知变化之间发现了显著关联。在感知到的机构支持以及卫生和安全措施的充分性方面的差异与心身症状和个人幸福感感知变化的显著差异相关。一线医护人员广泛经历了情绪困扰和心身症状。身体和心理症状因感知到的机构支持不足而加剧。确保心身症状以及卫生和安全措施对于防止一线医护人员的健康和心身症状恶化至关重要。
