Adiguzel Mehmet Cemal, Timurkan Mehmet Ozkan, Cengiz Seyda
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
J Vet Res. 2020 Oct 15;64(4):495-501. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0066. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Avian polyomavirus (APV) and psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV) induce contagious and persistent diseases that affect the beaks, feathers, and immune systems of companion birds. APV causes hepatitis, ascites, hydropericardium, depression, feather disorders, abdominal distension, and potentially death. PBFDV can induce progressive beak deformity, feather dystrophy, and plumage loss. We conducted the first prevalence survey of both APV and PBFDV infections in companion birds in eastern Turkey.
A total of 113 fresh dropping samples from apparently healthy companion birds were collected in a random selection. The dropping samples were analysed for PBFDV and APV by PCR. Positive samples were sequenced with the Sanger method. The sequence was confirmed through alignment and the phylogenetic tree generated through the maximum likelihood method computationally.
PBFDV and APV were detected in a respective 48.7% and 23.0% of samples. Coinfection was found in 12.4% of the samples, these all being from budgerigars (). APV and PBFDV were detected in budgerigar and cockatiel () samples.
This report provides a foundation for future studies on the influence of these viruses on the health of companion birds. These high positive rates for both pathogens emphasise that healthy and in eastern Turkey may be prone to the emergence and spread of APV and PBFDV with subclinical potential.
禽多瘤病毒（APV）和鹦鹉喙羽病病毒（PBFDV）会引发传染性和持续性疾病，影响伴侣鸟的喙、羽毛和免疫系统。APV会导致肝炎、腹水、心包积水、抑郁、羽毛紊乱、腹部肿胀，并可能导致死亡。PBFDV可引发渐进性喙畸形、羽毛营养不良和羽毛脱落。我们对土耳其东部伴侣鸟中的APV和PBFDV感染情况进行了首次患病率调查。
随机收集了113份来自外观健康的伴侣鸟的新鲜粪便样本。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）对粪便样本进行PBFDV和APV分析。对阳性样本采用桑格法进行测序。通过比对确认序列，并通过计算最大似然法生成系统发育树。
分别在48.7%和23.0%的样本中检测到PBFDV和APV。在12.4%的样本中发现了双重感染，这些样本均来自虎皮鹦鹉（）。在虎皮鹦鹉和鸡尾鹦鹉（）样本中检测到了APV和PBFDV。
本报告为未来研究这些病毒对伴侣鸟健康的影响奠定了基础。这两种病原体的高阳性率表明，土耳其东部健康的和可能容易出现具有亚临床潜力的APV和PBFDV并传播。
