UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University San Antonio, 30830, Murcia, Spain.
Royal Antwerp Football Club, Oude Bosuilbaan 54A, 2100, Deurne, Belgium.
Sports Med. 2021 Feb;51(2):215-224. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01385-7. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
Hamstring strain injury (HSI) remains the most common muscle injury in high-intensity running in humans. The majority of acute HSI occur specifically within the proximal region of the long head of biceps femoris and there is a sustained interest among researchers in understanding the factors that predispose to HSI. The present critical review describes the current understanding of biceps femoris long head (BFlh) structural features that might influence strain injury risk. Inter-individual differences in muscle-tendon architecture and interactions, muscle fiber type and region-specific innervation are likely to influence biceps femoris long head injury risk and might inform why some individuals are at an increased risk of sustaining a HSI during running. However, more research is needed, with future studies focusing on prospective data acquisition, improved computer simulations and direct imaging techniques to better understand the relationship between structural features, hamstring muscle function, and injury risk.
腘绳肌拉伤（HSI）仍然是人类高强度跑步中最常见的肌肉损伤。大多数急性 HSI 特定发生在股二头肌长头的近端区域，研究人员一直有兴趣了解易导致 HSI 的因素。本综述描述了目前对可能影响拉伤风险的股二头肌长头（BFlh）结构特征的理解。肌肉-肌腱结构和相互作用、肌纤维类型和区域特异性神经支配的个体差异可能会影响股二头肌长头损伤的风险，并解释为什么有些人在跑步时更容易发生 HSI。然而，还需要更多的研究，未来的研究应侧重于前瞻性数据采集、改进的计算机模拟和直接成像技术，以更好地理解结构特征、腘绳肌功能和损伤风险之间的关系。
