State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
J Cell Physiol. 2021 Jul;236(7):4783-4796. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30212. Epub 2020 Dec 24.
Senescent cells can secrete a plethora of cytokines which induce senescent phenotype of neighboring cells and was called senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Previously, it was believed that cancer was caused by the infinite division and uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Based on this, anticancer treatments were all aimed at killing cancer cells. Cancer is now considered an age-related disease. Cancer cells are not exogenous, but one of the worst results of injuries which initially induce cell senescence. Therefore, reversing cell senescence can fundamentally prevent and treat cancer. Though current anticancer treatments induce the cancer cells apoptosis, they induce senescence of normal cells at the same time, thus promoting the occurrence and development of cancer and forming a vicious circle. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles which partially mirror their parent cells. In the tumor microenvironment, EVs of senescent cells can change the expression profile of cancer cells, contributing to their resistance to chemotherapy. There is growing evidence indicates that stem cell EVs exert effective antiaging and anticancer actions by transferring functional microRNAs and proteins. This review will summarize the therapeutic role of stem cell EVs in reversing aging and cancer, which suggests the broad clinical application perspective.
衰老细胞可以分泌大量细胞因子，诱导邻近细胞出现衰老表型，这种现象被称为衰老相关分泌表型。此前，人们认为癌症是由细胞的无限分裂和不受控制的增殖引起的。基于这一观点，癌症的治疗方法都是旨在杀死癌细胞。现在认为癌症是一种与年龄相关的疾病。癌细胞不是外源性的，而是最初诱导细胞衰老的损伤的最坏结果之一。因此，逆转细胞衰老可以从根本上预防和治疗癌症。虽然目前的抗癌治疗方法诱导癌细胞凋亡，但同时也诱导正常细胞衰老，从而促进癌症的发生和发展，并形成恶性循环。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是纳米大小的囊泡，部分反映了其亲本细胞的特征。在肿瘤微环境中，衰老细胞的 EVs 可以改变癌细胞的表达谱，导致其对化疗的耐药性。越来越多的证据表明，干细胞 EVs 通过转移功能性 microRNAs 和蛋白质发挥有效的抗衰老和抗癌作用。这篇综述将总结干细胞 EVs 在逆转衰老和癌症中的治疗作用，这表明其具有广阔的临床应用前景。
