Kleine Tatjana, Nägele Thomas, Neuhaus H Ekkehard, Schmitz-Linneweber Christian, Fernie Alisdair R, Geigenberger Peter, Grimm Bernhard, Kaufmann Kerstin, Klipp Edda, Meurer Jörg, Möhlmann Torsten, Mühlhaus Timo, Naranjo Belen, Nickelsen Jörg, Richter Andreas, Ruwe Hannes, Schroda Michael, Schwenkert Serena, Trentmann Oliver, Willmund Felix, Zoschke Reimo, Leister Dario
Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany.
Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, 82152, Germany.
Plant J. 2021 Apr;106(1):23-40. doi: 10.1111/tpj.15144. Epub 2021 Jan 31.
Acclimation is the capacity to adapt to environmental changes within the lifetime of an individual. This ability allows plants to cope with the continuous variation in ambient conditions to which they are exposed as sessile organisms. Because environmental changes and extremes are becoming even more pronounced due to the current period of climate change, enhancing the efficacy of plant acclimation is a promising strategy for mitigating the consequences of global warming on crop yields. At the cellular level, the chloroplast plays a central role in many acclimation responses, acting both as a sensor of environmental change and as a target of cellular acclimation responses. In this Perspective article, we outline the activities of the Green Hub consortium funded by the German Science Foundation. The main aim of this research collaboration is to understand and strategically modify the cellular networks that mediate plant acclimation to adverse environments, employing Arabidopsis, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Chlamydomonas as model organisms. These efforts will contribute to 'smart breeding' methods designed to create crop plants with improved acclimation properties. To this end, the model oilseed crop Camelina sativa is being used to test modulators of acclimation for their potential to enhance crop yield under adverse environmental conditions. Here we highlight the current state of research on the role of gene expression, metabolism and signalling in acclimation, with a focus on chloroplast-related processes. In addition, further approaches to uncovering acclimation mechanisms derived from systems and computational biology, as well as adaptive laboratory evolution with photosynthetic microbes, are highlighted.
驯化是个体在其生命周期内适应环境变化的能力。这种能力使植物能够应对作为固着生物所面临的环境条件的持续变化。由于气候变化当前阶段使环境变化和极端情况变得更加显著，提高植物驯化的效率是减轻全球变暖对作物产量影响的一种有前景的策略。在细胞水平上，叶绿体在许多驯化反应中起着核心作用，既是环境变化的传感器，也是细胞驯化反应的靶点。在这篇观点文章中，我们概述了由德国科学基金会资助的绿色枢纽联盟的活动。这项研究合作的主要目的是了解并从战略上修改介导植物对不利环境驯化的细胞网络，以拟南芥、烟草（烟草属）和衣藻作为模式生物。这些努力将有助于“智能育种”方法，旨在培育出具有更好驯化特性的作物。为此，正在使用模式油料作物亚麻荠来测试驯化调节剂在不利环境条件下提高作物产量的潜力。在这里，我们重点介绍了目前关于基因表达、代谢和信号传导在驯化中的作用的研究现状，重点是与叶绿体相关的过程。此外，还强调了从系统生物学和计算生物学以及光合微生物的适应性实验室进化中揭示驯化机制的进一步方法。
