Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
Microbiome Hub, Wisconsin Institute of Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
Cancer. 2021 Mar 1;127(5):679-687. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33400. Epub 2020 Dec 28.
The gut microbiome and its effects on host immunity have exciting implications for cancer prognosis and therapy. Examples in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) demonstrate the role of the gut microbiome as a biomarker for clinical outcomes, and animal models demonstrate how microbiota manipulation may augment therapeutic responses. There are multiple mechanisms that gut microbiota may have in affecting distant tumor environments, including control of cytokine release, dendritic cell activation, and T-cell lymphocyte stimulation. Recently, there has been a marked interest in understanding interactions between host and microbiome in hematologic malignancies. This review summarizes the current understanding of the gut microbiome and its impact on leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and allo-SCT and highlights several broad methods for targeting the gut microbiome in therapeutic trials.
肠道微生物组及其对宿主免疫的影响对癌症的预后和治疗具有重要意义。异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-SCT）中的例子表明了肠道微生物组作为临床结果的生物标志物的作用，动物模型表明了微生物组操纵如何增强治疗反应。肠道微生物组可能通过多种机制影响远处的肿瘤环境，包括控制细胞因子释放、树突状细胞激活和 T 细胞淋巴细胞刺激。最近，人们对血液系统恶性肿瘤中宿主与微生物组之间的相互作用产生了浓厚的兴趣。这篇综述总结了目前对肠道微生物组及其对白血病、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤和 allo-SCT 的影响的理解，并强调了几种在治疗试验中靶向肠道微生物组的广泛方法。
