ᶫ-Leucine Loading and Release in MIL-100 Nanoparticles.

Synthesis of the MIL-100 metal-organic framework particles was carried out by hydrothermal (HT) and microwave (MW)-assisted methods. Transmission electron microscopy showed formation of microparticles in the course of hydrothermal synthesis and nanoparticles for microwave-assisted synthesis. Powder X-ray diffraction confirmed formation of larger crystallites for hydrothermal synthesis. Particle aggregation in aqueous solution was observed by dynamic light scattering. However, the stability of both samples could be improved in acetic acid solution. Nitrogen sorption isotherms showed high porosity of the particles. ᶫ-leucine molecule was used as a model molecule for loading in the porous micro- and nanoparticles. Loading was estimated by FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. UV-VIS spectroscopy quantified ᶫ-leucine release from the particles in aqueous solution. Cytotoxicity studies using the HeLa cell model showed that the original particles were somewhat toxic, but ᶫ-leucine loading ameliorated the toxic effects, likely due to signaling properties of the amino acid.