Bardot Madison, Schulz Michael D
Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Dec 21;10(12):2567. doi: 10.3390/nano10122567.
3D printing by fused deposition modelling (FDM) enables rapid prototyping and fabrication of parts with complex geometries. Unfortunately, most materials suitable for FDM 3D printing are non-degradable, petroleum-based polymers. The current ecological crisis caused by plastic waste has produced great interest in biodegradable materials for many applications, including 3D printing. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), in particular, has been extensively investigated for FDM applications. However, most biodegradable polymers, including PLA, have insufficient mechanical properties for many applications. One approach to overcoming this challenge is to introduce additives that enhance the mechanical properties of PLA while maintaining FDM 3D printability. This review focuses on PLA-based nanocomposites with cellulose, metal-based nanoparticles, continuous fibers, carbon-based nanoparticles, or other additives. These additives impact both the physical properties and printability of the resulting nanocomposites. We also detail the optimal conditions for using these materials in FDM 3D printing. These approaches demonstrate the promise of developing nanocomposites that are both biodegradable and mechanically robust.
熔融沉积建模（FDM）3D打印能够快速成型并制造具有复杂几何形状的零件。不幸的是，大多数适用于FDM 3D打印的材料都是不可降解的石油基聚合物。当前由塑料垃圾引起的生态危机引发了人们对包括3D打印在内的许多应用中可生物降解材料的极大兴趣。特别是聚乳酸（PLA），已针对FDM应用进行了广泛研究。然而，包括PLA在内的大多数可生物降解聚合物在许多应用中机械性能不足。克服这一挑战的一种方法是引入添加剂，在保持FDM 3D可打印性的同时提高PLA的机械性能。本综述重点关注含有纤维素、金属基纳米颗粒、连续纤维、碳基纳米颗粒或其他添加剂的PLA基纳米复合材料。这些添加剂会影响所得纳米复合材料的物理性能和可打印性。我们还详细介绍了在FDM 3D打印中使用这些材料的最佳条件。这些方法证明了开发既具有生物可降解性又具有机械强度的纳米复合材料的前景。
