Long Ting, Tan Linyun, Liu Xiaoyan
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Jul 15;12:1560909. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1560909. eCollection 2025.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a transformative technology in orthopedic trauma surgery, offering unprecedented possibilities for personalized surgical solutions. Despite its increasing adoption, there remains a lack of comprehensive reviews systematically evaluating its technical considerations and evidence-based outcomes across different anatomical regions. Through systematic review of literature from major databases and analysis of clinical evidence, this comprehensive review examines the current state of advanced 3D printing technologies in orthopedic trauma. We analyze four major additive manufacturing methodologies: vat photopolymerization for surgical guides, material extrusion for anatomical models, powder bed fusion for implants, and emerging bioprinting approaches. The integration of these technologies has substantially improved surgical outcomes through three primary approaches: preoperative planning with anatomical modeling, intraoperative guidance using custom surgical guides, and patient-specific implant solutions. Systematic analysis demonstrates significant improvements in surgical precision, operative efficiency, and anatomical restoration across various fracture patterns. While challenges in manufacturing protocols, quality control standards, and regulatory frameworks persist, ongoing innovations in materials science, digital workflow optimization, and clinical validation continue to expand the applications. This review provides a systematic framework integrating technical principles and clinical applications of 3D printing in orthopedic trauma surgery, offering practical guidelines while highlighting future research directions.
三维（3D）打印已成为骨科创伤手术中的一项变革性技术，为个性化手术解决方案提供了前所未有的可能性。尽管其应用日益广泛，但仍缺乏系统评估其在不同解剖区域的技术考量和循证结果的全面综述。通过对主要数据库文献的系统回顾和临床证据分析，本全面综述审视了骨科创伤中先进3D打印技术的现状。我们分析了四种主要的增材制造方法：用于手术导板的光固化成型、用于解剖模型的材料挤出、用于植入物的粉末床熔融以及新兴的生物打印方法。这些技术的整合通过三种主要方式显著改善了手术效果：利用解剖模型进行术前规划、使用定制手术导板进行术中引导以及患者特异性植入物解决方案。系统分析表明，在各种骨折类型中，手术精度、手术效率和解剖复位均有显著提高。虽然制造协议、质量控制标准和监管框架方面的挑战依然存在，但材料科学、数字工作流程优化和临床验证方面的持续创新不断拓展着应用范围。本综述提供了一个整合3D打印在骨科创伤手术中的技术原理和临床应用的系统框架，给出实用指南的同时突出了未来研究方向。
