Reyes-Muñoz Enrique, Sosa Salvador Espino Y, Flores-Robles Claudia M, Arce-Sánchez Lidia, Martínez-Cruz Nayeli, Gutiérrez-Castrellón Pedro
Coordinación de Endocrinología Ginecológica y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes. Ciudad de México, México.
Subdirección de Investigación clínica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes. Ciudad de México, México.
Gac Med Mex. 2020;156(Supl 3):S43-S50. doi: 10.24875/GMM.M20000437.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects between 5 and 40% of pregnant women. Recently different interventions with nutritional supplements have been evaluated for prevention of GDM.
To perform a synthesis of the evidence on the efficacy of nutritional supplements (myo-inositol, probiotics, and vitamin D) in the prevention of GDM.
A systematic search in PubMed and Cochrane library was performed, including systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), published in English or Spanish until May 2020, using the keywords: "prevention", "gestational diabetes", "hyperglycemia and pregnancy", "supplementation", "probiotics", "myo-inositol" and "vitamin D".
10 systematic reviews that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Myo-inositol supplementation compared to placebo decreased the incidence of GDM (RR: 0.44 [0.27-0.87]; five RCTs), low quality of evidence. Although the supplementation with vitamin D or probiotics during pregnancy could reduce the incidence of GDM the evidence is limited.
Myo-inositol supplementation is effective for prevention of GDM in high-risk women. Supplementation with vitamin D or probiotics probably decreases the incidence of GDM.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）影响5%至40%的孕妇。最近，已对使用营养补充剂的不同干预措施进行了预防GDM的评估。
综合关于营养补充剂（肌醇、益生菌和维生素D）预防GDM疗效的证据。
在PubMed和Cochrane图书馆进行了系统检索，纳入截至2020年5月以英文或西班牙文发表的关于随机临床试验（RCT）的系统评价，关键词为：“预防”、“妊娠期糖尿病”、“高血糖与妊娠”、“补充剂”、“益生菌”、“肌醇”和“维生素D”。
分析了10篇符合纳入标准的系统评价。与安慰剂相比，补充肌醇可降低GDM的发病率（RR：0.44[0.27 - 0.87]；5项RCT），证据质量低。虽然孕期补充维生素D或益生菌可能降低GDM的发病率，但证据有限。
补充肌醇对预防高危女性的GDM有效。补充维生素D或益生菌可能会降低GDM的发病率。
