Deng Lin-Li, Zhang Kai-Shan, Yin Zi-Yuan, Li Xin-Yue, Wu Wen-Qi, Xiang Xin-Peng
College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2020 Dec 8;41(12):5276-5287. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202004275.
As important components of PM, metal elements are extremely harmful to people and also have source specificity. Understanding the characteristics of PM metal pollution in the two different types of cities can help adjust the layout of regional industrial structure and improve the environment. PM samples during haze/non-haze periods were collected in Chengdu City and Renshou County. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to determine the mass concentrations of eighteen metal elements in collected PM samples. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used for source apportionment analysis for metal elements in PM. The analysis showed that the ratio of trace elements from fugitive dust, motor vehicle emissions, and coal burning to the total elements is greater in Chengdu City than that in Renshou County. The proportion of trace elements from biomass combustion, industrial, and fuel sources in Renshou County is higher than that in Chengdu City. In addition, concentrations of Cd, As, and Cr in both areas exceeded the standards, indicating the occurrences of heavy metal pollution. During the haze period, the total concentrations of compositional metal elements in PM increased, although the rate was much lower than that for PM. The ratios of elements between haze and non-haze periods ranged from 0.7 (Al) to 2.8 (Ba) in Chengdu City, and from 0.8 (Al) to 3.1 (Mn) in Renshou County. Among all metal elements, the increase rate for trace elements from coal burning and industrial activities was relatively large but small for those from fugitive dust, with the growth in trace elements from motor vehicles being modest. The results of this study indicated that the characteristics of pollution and source of metal elements in PM varied by economic scale, development mode, and industrial layout. In large cities such as Chengdu City, where economic development is mainly focused on tertiary industry, air pollution is mainly caused by transportation and urban construction, while in suburban area such as Renshou County, where secondary or heavy industry are the focus for economic development, the pollution is mainly affected by energy consumption and industrial production.
作为颗粒物（PM）的重要组成部分，金属元素对人体危害极大，且具有源特异性。了解两类不同城市中PM金属污染的特征有助于调整区域产业结构布局并改善环境。在成都市和仁寿县采集了雾霾/非雾霾期间的PM样本。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP - OES）测定采集的PM样本中18种金属元素的质量浓度。利用正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）模型对PM中的金属元素进行源解析分析。分析表明，成都市扬尘、机动车排放和燃煤中微量元素占总元素的比例高于仁寿县。仁寿县生物质燃烧、工业和燃料源中微量元素的比例高于成都市。此外，两个地区的镉、砷和铬浓度均超标，表明存在重金属污染。在雾霾期间，PM中金属成分元素的总浓度有所增加，尽管增幅远低于PM。成都市雾霾期与非雾霾期元素比值范围为0.7（铝）至2.8（钡），仁寿县为0.8（铝）至3.1（锰）。在所有金属元素中，燃煤和工业活动中微量元素的增加率相对较大，扬尘中微量元素的增加率较小，机动车中微量元素的增长较为适度。本研究结果表明，PM中金属元素的污染特征和来源因经济规模、发展模式和产业布局而异。在以第三产业为主的成都市等大城市，空气污染主要由交通和城市建设造成，而在以第二产业或重工业为经济发展重点的仁寿县等郊区，污染主要受能源消耗和工业生产影响。
