Wolff Janika, Moritz Tom, Schlottau Kore, Hoffmann Donata, Beer Martin, Hoffmann Bernd
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Dec 23;9(1):4. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9010004.
Capripox virus (CaPV)-induced diseases (lumpy skin disease, sheeppox, goatpox) are described as the most serious pox diseases of livestock animals, and therefore are listed as notifiable diseases under guidelines of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Until now, only live-attenuated vaccines are commercially available for the control of CaPV. Due to numerous potential problems after vaccination (e.g., loss of the disease-free status of the respective country, the possibility of vaccine virus shedding and transmission as well as the risk of recombination with field strains during natural outbreaks), the use of these vaccines must be considered carefully and is not recommended in CaPV-free countries. Therefore, innocuous and efficacious inactivated vaccines against CaPV would provide a great tool for control of these diseases. Unfortunately, most inactivated Capripox vaccines were reported as insufficient and protection seemed to be only short-lived. Nevertheless, a few studies dealing with inactivated vaccines against CaPV are published, giving evidence for good clinical protection against CaPV-infections. In our studies, a low molecular weight copolymer-adjuvanted vaccine formulation was able to induce sterile immunity in the respective animals after severe challenge infection. Our findings strongly support the possibility of useful inactivated vaccines against CaPV-infections, and indicate a marked impact of the chosen adjuvant for the level of protection.
山羊痘病毒（CaPV）引发的疾病（结节性皮肤病、绵羊痘、山羊痘）被认为是家畜最为严重的痘病，因此根据世界动物卫生组织（OIE）的指导方针被列为须通报的疾病。到目前为止，市面上仅有减毒活疫苗可用于防控CaPV。由于接种疫苗后存在诸多潜在问题（例如，相关国家失去无病状态、疫苗病毒有排毒和传播的可能性，以及在自然暴发期间与野毒株重组的风险），必须谨慎考虑使用这些疫苗，在无CaPV的国家不建议使用。因此，安全有效的CaPV灭活疫苗将为防控这些疾病提供一个很好的工具。遗憾的是，多数报道称CaPV灭活疫苗效果欠佳，保护作用似乎只是短暂的。尽管如此，仍有一些关于CaPV灭活疫苗的研究发表，证明其对CaPV感染具有良好的临床保护作用。在我们的研究中，一种低分子量共聚物佐剂疫苗制剂在严重攻毒感染后能够在相应动物中诱导无菌免疫。我们的研究结果有力地支持了开发有效CaPV灭活疫苗的可能性，并表明所选佐剂对保护水平有显著影响。
