Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Front Immunol. 2020 Dec 15;11:596631. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.596631. eCollection 2020.
COVID-19 is a distinctive infection characterized by elevated inter-human transmission and presenting from absence of symptoms to severe cytokine storm that can lead to dismal prognosis. Like for HIV, lymphopenia and drastic reduction of CD4+ T cell counts in COVID-19 patients have been linked with poor clinical outcome. As CD4+ T cells play a critical role in orchestrating responses against viral infections, important lessons can be drawn by comparing T cell response in COVID-19 and in HIV infection and by studying HIV-infected patients who became infected by SARS-CoV-2. We critically reviewed host characteristics and hyper-inflammatory response in these two viral infections to have a better insight on the large difference in clinical outcome in persons being infected by SARS-CoV-2. The better understanding of mechanism of T cell dysfunction will contribute to the development of targeted therapy against severe COVID-19 and will help to rationally design vaccine involving T cell response for the long-term control of viral infection.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）是一种具有高人际传播能力的独特传染病，其临床表现从无症状到严重的细胞因子风暴不等，可能导致预后不良。与 HIV 一样，COVID-19 患者的淋巴细胞减少和 CD4+T 细胞计数急剧下降与不良的临床结局相关。由于 CD4+T 细胞在协调抗病毒感染反应中发挥着关键作用，因此通过比较 COVID-19 和 HIV 感染中的 T 细胞反应，并研究感染 SARS-CoV-2 的 HIV 感染者，可以得出重要的结论。我们对这两种病毒感染中的宿主特征和过度炎症反应进行了批判性评估，以更好地了解感染 SARS-CoV-2 的人群在临床结局方面的巨大差异。对 T 细胞功能障碍机制的深入了解将有助于开发针对严重 COVID-19 的靶向治疗，并有助于合理设计涉及 T 细胞反应的疫苗，以长期控制病毒感染。
