脂滴与线粒体之间的两种接触类型。
Two Types of Contact Between Lipid Droplets and Mitochondria.
作者信息
Cui Liujuan, Liu Pingsheng
机构信息
National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
出版信息
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Dec 15;8:618322. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618322. eCollection 2020.
Lipid droplets (LDs) and mitochondria are essential organelles involved in cellular lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Accumulated studies have revealed that the physical contact between these two organelles is important for their functions. Current understanding of the contact between cellular organelles is highly dynamic, fitting a "kiss-and-run" model. The same pattern of contact between LDs and mitochondria has been reported and several proteins are found to mediate this contact, such as perilipin1 (PLIN1) and PLIN5. Another format of the contact has also been found and termed anchoring. LD-anchored mitochondria (LDAM) are identified in oxidative tissues including brown adipose tissue (BAT), skeletal muscle, and heart muscle, and this anchoring between these two organelles is conserved from mouse to monkey. Moreover, this anchoring is generated during the brown/beige adipocyte differentiation. In this review, we will summarize previous studies on the interaction between LDs and mitochondria, categorize the types of the contacts into dynamic and stable/anchored, present their similarities and differences, discuss their potential distinct molecular mechanism, and finally propose a working hypothesis that may explain why and how cells use two patterns of contact between LDs and mitochondria.
脂滴(LDs)和线粒体是参与细胞脂质代谢和能量稳态的重要细胞器。大量研究表明,这两种细胞器之间的物理接触对其功能至关重要。目前对细胞器之间接触的理解是高度动态的,符合“吻-跑”模型。已有报道称脂滴与线粒体之间存在相同的接触模式,并且发现了几种蛋白质介导这种接触,如 perilipin1(PLIN1)和PLIN5。还发现了另一种接触形式,称为锚定。在包括棕色脂肪组织(BAT)、骨骼肌和心肌在内的氧化组织中鉴定出了脂滴锚定的线粒体(LDAM),并且这两种细胞器之间的这种锚定在从小鼠到猴子的物种中是保守的。此外,这种锚定在棕色/米色脂肪细胞分化过程中产生。在这篇综述中,我们将总结先前关于脂滴与线粒体之间相互作用的研究,将接触类型分为动态和稳定/锚定两类,阐述它们的异同,讨论其潜在的不同分子机制,最后提出一个工作假说,该假说可能解释细胞为何以及如何利用脂滴与线粒体之间的两种接触模式。