Department of Plant Protection, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2021 Feb;83(2):183-195. doi: 10.1007/s10493-020-00583-2. Epub 2021 Jan 2.
In this study, the effect of strip intercropping green bean (GB), Phaseolus vulgaris L., with garlic (G), Allium sativum L., in three row ratios (3GB:5G, 3GB:8G and 3GB:11G) was assessed on two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, compared with green bean sole crop over two growing seasons, in 2017 and 2018. The results indicated that intercrops reduced the densities of T. urticae eggs and mobile forms on the vegetative growth, the flowering, and the bean expansion stages of green bean plants compared with sole crop. In this study, seven predators of T. urticae including Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant), Orius niger (Wolff), Neoseiulus zwoelferi (Dosse), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), Geocoris punctipes (Say), Scolothrips sexmaculatus Pergande, and Nabis pseudoferus (Remane) were collected on TSSM-infested green bean plants during the two growing seasons. Among them, S. gilvifrons and O. niger were the main predators of TSSM on green bean plants in the two growing seasons. Furthermore, the densities of O. niger were significantly higher in intercrops on the vegetative growth and the flowering stages of green bean compared with sole crop, whereas no significant difference was observed in the densities of S. gilvifrons between intercrops and sole crop in 2017 and 2018. Moreover, the values of the Shannon diversity index (H') and Pielou's evenness index (J') for the composition of TSSM predators were greater in the three intercrops compared with sole crop for the entire growing seasons 2017/2018. On the other hand, the land equivalent ratio (LER), which is used to assess the yield benefit in intercrops, was greater than one in intercrops, especially in the 3GB:5G ratio (1.29 in 2017 and 1.40 in 2018). These results indicated that strip intercropping green bean with garlic could be effective in the control of T. urticae in green bean fields.
在这项研究中，评估了 2017 年和 2018 年两年间，与绿豆单作相比，绿豆与大蒜（G）以 3:5、3:8 和 3:11 的行比间作（3GB:5G、3GB:8G 和 3GB:11G）对二斑叶螨（TSSM）、Tetranychus urticae Koch 的影响。结果表明，与单作相比，间作降低了 T. urticae 在绿豆植株营养生长、开花和豆荚膨胀期的卵和活动态的密度。在这项研究中，在两年的生长季节中，从受 TSSM 感染的绿豆植株上收集到 7 种 T. urticae 的捕食者，包括斯氏钝绥螨（Mulsant）、黑肩绿盲蝽（Wolff）、智利小植绥螨（Neoseiulus zwoelferi）、中华草蛉（Chrysoperla carnea）、大草蛉（Geocoris punctipes）、二色异爪螨（Scolothrips sexmaculatus）和六点蓟马（Nabis pseudoferus）。其中，斯氏钝绥螨和黑肩绿盲蝽是两年间绿豆植株上 TSSM 的主要捕食者。此外，与单作相比，在绿豆植株的营养生长和开花期，间作中黑肩绿盲蝽的密度明显更高，而 2017 年和 2018 年斯氏钝绥螨的密度在间作和单作之间没有显著差异。此外，2017/2018 年整个生长季节，与单作相比，三种间作的 TSSM 捕食者组成的 Shannon 多样性指数（H'）和 Pielou 均匀度指数（J'）均较高。另一方面，间作的土地当量比（LER）大于 1，尤其是在 3GB:5G 比例（2017 年为 1.29，2018 年为 1.40）。这些结果表明，绿豆与大蒜间作可以有效控制绿豆田中的 T. urticae。
