Beltrami Fernando G, Mzee David, Spengler Christina M
Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Front Physiol. 2020 Dec 17;11:530218. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.530218. eCollection 2020.
The chronic effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on the cardiovascular system remain unclear. This investigation tested to which degree a single sessions of RMT with or without added vibration, which could enhance peripheral blood flow and vascular response, or a 4-week RMT program could result in changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (systolic, SBP; diastolic, DBP) and other markers of cardiovascular health.
Sixteen young and healthy participants (8 m/8f) performed 15 min of either continuous normocapnic hyperpnea (RMET), sprint-interval-type hyperpnea (RMSIT) or a control session (quiet sitting). Sessions were performed once with and once without passive vibration of the lower limbs. To assess training-induced adaptations, thirty-four young and healthy participants (17 m/17f) were measured before and after 4 weeks (three weekly sessions) of RMET ( = 13, 30-min sessions of normocapnic hyperpnea), RMSIT [ = 11, 6 × 1 min (1 min break) normocapnic hyperpnea with added resistance] or placebo ( = 10).
SBP was elevated from baseline at 5 min after each RMT session, but returned to baseline levels after 15 min, whereas DBP was unchanged from baseline following RMT. Carotid-femoral PWV (PWV) was elevated at 5 and 15 min after RMT compared to baseline (main effect of time, = 0.001), whereas no changes were seen for carotid-radial PWV (PWV) or the PWV/PWV ratio. Vibration had no effects in any of the interventions. Following the 4-week training period, no differences from the placebo group were seen for SBP ( = 0.686), DBP ( = 0.233), PWV ( = 0.844), PWV ( = 0.815) or the PWV/PWV ratio ( = 0.389).
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Although 15 min of RMT sessions elicited transient increases in PWV and SBP, no changes were detected following 4 weeks of either RMET or RMSIT. Adding passive vibration of the lower limbs during RMT sessions did not provide additional value to the session with regards to vascular responses.
呼吸肌训练（RMT）对心血管系统的慢性影响尚不清楚。本研究测试了单次进行有或无附加振动的RMT（附加振动可增强外周血流和血管反应），或为期4周的RMT计划在多大程度上会导致脉搏波速度（PWV）、血压（收缩压，SBP；舒张压，DBP）及其他心血管健康指标发生变化。
16名年轻健康参与者（8名男性/8名女性）进行15分钟的持续正常碳酸血症性深呼吸（RMET）、冲刺间歇型深呼吸（RMSIT）或对照试验（安静坐姿）。试验各进行一次，一次有下肢被动振动，一次无下肢被动振动。为评估训练引起的适应性变化，对34名年轻健康参与者（17名男性/17名女性）在进行4周（每周三次）的RMET（n = 13，30分钟的正常碳酸血症性深呼吸）、RMSIT [n = 11，6×1分钟（1分钟休息）附加阻力的正常碳酸血症性深呼吸]或安慰剂（n = 10）训练前后进行测量。
每次RMT训练后5分钟时，SBP较基线水平升高，但15分钟后恢复至基线水平，而RMT训练后DBP与基线水平无变化。与基线相比，RMT训练后5分钟和15分钟时颈股脉搏波速度（PWV）升高（时间主效应，P = 0.001），而颈桡脉搏波速度（PWV）或PWV/PWV比值未见变化。振动在任何干预措施中均无作用。在为期4周的训练期后，SBP（P = 0.686）、DBP（P = 0.233）、PWV（P = 0.844）、PWV（P = 0.815）或PWV/PWV比值（P = 0.389）与安慰剂组相比均无差异。
讨论/结论：尽管15分钟的RMT训练会引起PWV和SBP短暂升高，但在进行4周的RMET或RMSIT训练后未检测到变化。在RMT训练期间增加下肢被动振动，在血管反应方面未给训练带来额外益处。
