Stutz Jan, Oliveras Ruben, Eiholzer Remo, Spengler Christina M
Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Front Physiol. 2020 Oct 2;11:556220. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.556220. eCollection 2020.
Prevalence of hypertension, subjective sleep complaints and snoring increases with age. Worse sleep and snoring, in turn, are independent risk factors to develop hypertension. Both respiratory muscle training (RMT) and intermittent hypoxia (IH) are suggested to have positive effects on these physiological and behavioral variables. This study therefore aimed to test the acute effects of a single bout of RMT, with and without IH, on resting blood pressure (BP) and sleep. Fourteen prehypertensive elderly performed a 60-min session of (a) intermittent voluntary normocapnic hyperpnea (HYP) alone, (b) HYP in combination with IH (HYP&IH) and (c) a sham intervention in randomized order. BP, hemodynamics, heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were assessed before and 15, 30 and 45 min after each intervention. Variables of sleep were assessed with actigraphy, pulse oximetry and with questionnaires during and after the night following each intervention. Neither HYP nor HYP&IH resulted in a decrease in BP. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant interaction effect for systolic BP ( = 0.090), diastolic BP ( = 0.151), HRV parameters, BRS and PWV (all > 0.095). Fragmentation index was lower after both HYP (-6.5 units) and HYP&IH (-8.4 units) compared to sham, (ANOVA) = 0.046, although pairwise comparisons reveal no significant differences. There were no other significant effects for the remaining sleep variables. We conclude that one bout of intermittent hyperpnea, alone or in combination with IH, is not effective in lowering blood pressure or improving sleep in prehypertensive elderly.
高血压、主观睡眠问题及打鼾的患病率随年龄增长而升高。反过来，较差的睡眠和打鼾又是引发高血压的独立危险因素。呼吸肌训练（RMT）和间歇性低氧（IH）均被认为对这些生理和行为变量具有积极影响。因此，本研究旨在测试单次RMT训练在有或无IH情况下对静息血压（BP）和睡眠的急性影响。14名高血压前期老年人按随机顺序进行了60分钟的如下训练：（a）单独进行间歇性自主常碳酸性通气过度（HYP）；（b）HYP联合IH（HYP&IH）；（c）假干预。在每次干预前以及干预后15、30和45分钟评估BP、血流动力学、心率变异性（HRV）、心脏压力反射敏感性（BRS）和脉搏波速度（PWV）。在每次干预后的夜间，使用活动记录仪、脉搏血氧饱和度仪及问卷评估睡眠变量。HYP和HYP&IH均未使BP降低。重复测量方差分析显示，收缩压（ = 0.090）、舒张压（ = 0.151）、HRV参数、BRS和PWV均无显著交互作用（均 > 0.095）。与假干预相比，HYP（-6.5个单位）和HYP&IH（-8.4个单位）后的睡眠片段化指数均较低（方差分析， = 0.046），尽管两两比较未显示出显著差异。其余睡眠变量均无其他显著影响。我们得出结论，单次间歇性通气过度，无论单独进行还是与IH联合，均不能有效降低高血压前期老年人的血压或改善其睡眠。
