Trudnowska Emilia, Balazy Kaja, Stoń-Egiert Joanna, Smolina Irina, Brown Thomas, Gluchowska Marta
Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences Sopot Poland.
Nord University Bodø Norway.
Ecol Evol. 2020 Nov 10;10(24):14067-14081. doi: 10.1002/ece3.6997. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Copepods of the genus are the key components of zooplankton. Understanding their response to a changing climate is crucial to predict the functioning of future warmer high-latitude ecosystems. Although specific species are morphologically very similar, they have different life strategies and roles in ecosystems. In this study, and were thoroughly studied with regard to their plasticity in morphology and ecology both in their preferred original water mass (Atlantic vs. Arctic side of the Polar Front) and in suboptimal conditions (due to, e.g., temperature, turbidity, and competition in Hornsund fjord). Our observations show that "at the same place and time," both species can reach different sizes, take on different pigmentation, be in different states of population development, utilize different reproductive versus lipid accumulation strategies, and thrive on different foods. Size was proven to be a very mutable morphological trait, especially with regard to reduced length of . Both species exhibited pronounced red pigmentation when inhabiting their preferred water mass. In other domains, individuals tended to be paler than individuals. Gonad maturation and population development indicated mixed reproductive strategies, although a surprisingly similar population age structure of the two co-occurring species in the fjord was observed. Lipid accumulation was high and not species-specific, and its variability was due to diet differences of the populations. According to the stable isotope composition, both species had a more herbivorous diatom-based diet in their original water masses. While the diet of was rather consistent among the domains studied, exhibited much higher variability in its feeding history (based on lipid composition). Our results show that the plasticity of both species is indeed impressive and may be regulated differently, depending on whether they live in their "comfort zone" or beyond it.
[该属的]桡足类是浮游动物的关键组成部分。了解它们对气候变化的反应对于预测未来高纬度变暖生态系统的功能至关重要。尽管特定的[该属]物种在形态上非常相似，但它们在生态系统中具有不同的生活策略和作用。在本研究中，对[两个该属物种名称]在其偏好的原始水体（极地锋面的大西洋侧与北极侧）以及次优条件下（例如由于温度、浊度和在霍恩松德峡湾的竞争）的形态和生态可塑性进行了深入研究。我们的观察结果表明，“在同一地点和时间”，这两个物种可以达到不同的大小、呈现不同的色素沉着、处于不同的种群发育状态、采用不同的生殖与脂质积累策略，并以不同的食物为食。事实证明，大小是一个非常可变的形态特征，尤其是在[某个特征]长度减小方面。当栖息在它们偏好的水体中时，这两个物种都表现出明显的红色色素沉着。在其他区域，[物种一名称]个体往往比[物种二名称]个体颜色更浅。性腺成熟和种群发育表明存在混合生殖策略，尽管在峡湾中观察到这两个共存物种的种群年龄结构惊人地相似。脂质积累量很高且不具有物种特异性，其变异性是由于种群的饮食差异。根据稳定同位素组成，这两个物种在其原始水体中都以硅藻为基础的更食草性饮食为主。虽然[物种一名称]在研究的区域之间饮食相当一致，但[物种二名称]在其摄食历史（基于脂质组成）方面表现出更高的变异性。我们的结果表明，这两个[该属]物种的可塑性确实令人印象深刻，并且可能根据它们是生活在“舒适区”内还是之外而受到不同的调节。
