Alarcón-Gómez Jesús, Martin Rivera Fernando, Madera Joaquin, Chulvi-Medrano Iván
Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
PeerJ. 2020 Dec 21;8:e10510. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10510. eCollection 2020.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is commonly associated with premature loss of muscle function, ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic balance. Those impairments, usually, lead to physical functionality deterioration. High-intensity interval training is an efficient and safety methodology since it prevents hypoglycemia and not requires much time, which are the main barriers for this population to practice exercise and increase physical conditioning. We hypothesized that a 6-week HIIT program performed on a cycle ergometer would increase lower limb muscle power, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic balance without hypoglycemic situations.
A total of 19 diagnosed T1DM subjects were randomly assigned to HIIT group ( = 11; 6-week HIIT protocol) or Control group ( = 8; no treatment). Lower limb strength was evaluated through velocity execution in squat with three different overloads. Weight bearing lunge test (WBLT) was performed to test ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and Y-Balance test (YBT) was the test conducted to analyze dynamic balance performance.
Velocity in squat improved a 11.3%, 9.4% and 10.1% ( < 0.05) with the 50%, 60% and 70% of their own body mass overload respectively, WBLT performance increased a 10.43% in the right limb and 15.45% in the left limb. YBT showed improvements in all directions (right limb-left limb): Anterior (4.3-6.1%), Posteromedial (1.8-5.2%) and Posterolateral (3.4-4.5%) in HIIT group ( < 0.05), unlike control group that did not experience any significant change in any of the variables ( > 0.05).
A 6-week HIIT program is safe and effective to improve execution velocity in squat movement, a fundamental skill in daily living activities, as well as ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic balance to reduce foot ulcers, risk falls and functional impairments. HIIT seems an efficient and safety training methodology not only for overcome T1DM barriers for exercising but also for improving functional capacities in T1DM people.
1型糖尿病（T1DM）通常与肌肉功能过早丧失、踝关节背屈和动态平衡有关。这些损伤通常会导致身体功能恶化。高强度间歇训练是一种有效且安全的方法，因为它能预防低血糖且所需时间不多，而这正是该人群进行运动和增强体能的主要障碍。我们假设，在功率自行车上进行为期6周的高强度间歇训练（HIIT）计划，将增加下肢肌肉力量、踝关节背屈活动范围和动态平衡，且不会出现低血糖情况。
总共19名已确诊的T1DM受试者被随机分配到HIIT组（n = 11；为期6周的HIIT方案）或对照组（n = 8；不进行治疗）。通过在三种不同负荷下进行深蹲时的速度执行情况来评估下肢力量。进行负重弓步试验（WBLT）以测试踝关节背屈活动范围，进行Y平衡试验（YBT）以分析动态平衡表现。
在分别以自身体重50%、60%和70%的负荷进行深蹲时，速度分别提高了11.3%、9.4%和10.1%（P < 0.05），WBLT表现中，右侧肢体提高了10.43%，左侧肢体提高了15.45%。HIIT组的YBT在所有方向（右侧肢体 - 左侧肢体）均有改善：前侧（4.3 - 6.1%）、后内侧（1.8 - 5.2%）和后外侧（3.4 - 4.5%）（P < 0.05），而对照组在任何变量上均未出现任何显著变化（P > 0.05）。
为期6周的HIIT计划对于提高深蹲动作的执行速度是安全有效的，深蹲是日常生活活动中的一项基本技能，同时也能提高踝关节背屈活动范围和动态平衡，以减少足部溃疡、跌倒风险和功能障碍。HIIT似乎是一种有效且安全的训练方法，不仅能克服T1DM患者运动的障碍，还能提高T1DM患者的功能能力。
