Xu Yun-Xiang, He Li-Li, Chen Jin-Yuan, Liu Yu-Xue, Lyu Hao-Hao, Wang Yu-Ying, Yang Sheng-Mao
College of Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2020 Dec;31(12):4312-4320. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202012.021.
Reducing soil ammonia volatilization is one of the key ways to reduce soil nitrogen loss and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency in farmlands. Biochar has unique physico-chemical pro-perties, which can change soil physical and chemical properties, affect soil nitrogen cycle, and affect ammonia volatilization in farmland soil. Firstly, we reviewed the ammonia volatilization process and its influencing factors (climatic condition, soil environment, and fertilization management, .) in paddy fields and upland fields. Then, research progress on the impacts of biochar on ammonia volatilization from farmland ecosystem was reviewed. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the responses of ammonia volatilization to biochar intervention were discussed from the aspects of physical adsorption, gas-liquid equilibrium, and biochemical progress regulation. The reduction of soil ammonia volatilization is mainly based on the adsorption of soil NH and NH by oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of biochar and the promotion of soil nitrification. How-ever, the increases of soil ammonia volatilization are mainly related to the increases of soil pH, air permeability, activities of microorganisms related with soil organic nitrogen mineralization. Finally, the research direction of reducing soil ammonia volatilization and improving nitrogen utilization efficiency by biochar was prospected.
减少土壤氨挥发是减少农田土壤氮素损失和提高氮素利用效率的关键途径之一。生物炭具有独特的物理化学性质，能够改变土壤理化性质，影响土壤氮循环，并影响农田土壤中的氨挥发。首先，我们综述了水田和旱地中氨挥发过程及其影响因素（气候条件、土壤环境和施肥管理等）。然后，综述了生物炭对农田生态系统氨挥发影响的研究进展。此外，从物理吸附、气液平衡和生化过程调控等方面探讨了氨挥发对生物炭干预响应的潜在机制。土壤氨挥发的减少主要基于生物炭表面含氧官能团对土壤NH₄⁺和NH₃的吸附以及对土壤硝化作用的促进。然而，土壤氨挥发的增加主要与土壤pH值升高、透气性增加以及与土壤有机氮矿化相关的微生物活性增加有关。最后，展望了生物炭减少土壤氨挥发和提高氮素利用效率的研究方向。
