Department of Materials and Bioprocesses Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
J Mater Chem B. 2021 Feb 15;9(5):1208-1237. doi: 10.1039/d0tb02168g.
Nanocarrier delivery systems have been widely studied to carry unique or dual chemical drugs. The major challenge of chemotherapies is to overcome the multidrug-resistance (MDR) of cells to antineoplastic medicines. In this context, nano-scale technology has allowed researchers to develop biocompatible nano-delivery systems to overcome the limitation of chemical agents. The development of nano-vehicles may also be directed to co-deliver different agents such as drugs and genetic materials. The delivery of nucleic acids targeting specific cells is based on gene therapy principles to replace the defective gene, correct genome errors or knock-down a particular gene. Co-delivery systems are attractive strategies due to the possibility of achieving synergistic therapeutic effects, which are more effective in overcoming the MDR of cancer cells. These combined therapies can provide better outcomes than separate delivery approaches carrying either siRNA, miRNA, pDNA, or drugs. This article reviews the main design features that need to be associated with nano-vehicles to co-deliver drugs, genes, and gene-drug combinations with efficacy. The advantages and disadvantages of co-administration approaches are also overviewed and compared with individual nanocarrier systems. Herein, future trends and perspectives in designing novel nano-scale platforms to co-deliver therapeutic agents are also discussed.
纳米载体递送系统已被广泛研究用于携带独特或双重化学药物。化疗的主要挑战是克服细胞对抗肿瘤药物的多药耐药性（MDR）。在这种情况下，纳米技术使研究人员能够开发出生物相容性的纳米递药系统来克服化学药物的局限性。纳米载体的发展也可能被导向同时递送不同的药物，如药物和遗传物质。针对特定细胞的核酸递送基于基因治疗原理，以替换有缺陷的基因、纠正基因组错误或敲低特定基因。共递药系统是一种有吸引力的策略，因为它有可能实现协同治疗效果，在克服癌细胞的 MDR 方面更有效。这些联合疗法比分别递送 siRNA、miRNA、pDNA 或药物的方法能提供更好的结果。本文综述了纳米载体共递药、基因和基因-药物组合的主要设计特点，以实现疗效。还综述并比较了共给药方法与单独的纳米载体系统的优缺点。本文还讨论了设计新型纳米级平台以共递药的未来趋势和展望。
