Van Thiel D H, Williams W D, Gavaler J S, Little J M, Estes L W, Rabin B S
Am J Pathol. 1977 Oct;89(1):67-83.
The nephrotoxic effect of ethanol feeding on renal structure and function was evaluated in rats and compared to that in dextrose-fed isocaloric control animals. Alcohol-fed animals had larger kidneys than their controls. Despite this increase in renal mass, the alcohol-fed animals had a 50% reduction in creatinine clearance and a 67% reduction in osmolar clearance compared to their controls. When specific renal constituents were compared, the alcohol-fed animals were found to have twice the renal protein and a 50% increase in renal lipid. Despite these marked structural and functional differences, the light microscopic appearance of the kidneys of the two groups did not appear significantly different. In contrast, the electron microscopic differences were substantial. The renal epithelial cells, particularly of the distal tubules and Henle's loops, were found to show varying degrees of cellular injury and were observed to be sloughing into the lumens. These electron microscopic observations are similar to those obtained in tubular necrosis due to a variety of nephrotoxic agents. We propose, therefore, that chronic alcohol feeding of rats produces significant renal dysfunction and abnormalities of structure such that ethanol should be considered a true nephrotoxin.
在大鼠中评估了乙醇喂养对肾脏结构和功能的肾毒性作用，并与葡萄糖喂养的等热量对照动物进行了比较。乙醇喂养的动物肾脏比其对照组的大。尽管肾脏质量增加，但与对照组相比，乙醇喂养的动物肌酐清除率降低了50%，渗透清除率降低了67%。当比较特定的肾脏成分时，发现乙醇喂养的动物肾脏蛋白质含量是对照组的两倍，肾脏脂质增加了50%。尽管存在这些明显的结构和功能差异，但两组肾脏的光镜外观并无显著差异。相比之下，电镜差异很大。发现肾上皮细胞，特别是远端小管和髓袢的上皮细胞，表现出不同程度的细胞损伤，并观察到它们脱落到管腔中。这些电镜观察结果与因各种肾毒性药物导致的肾小管坏死中获得的结果相似。因此，我们提出，对大鼠进行慢性乙醇喂养会导致明显的肾功能障碍和结构异常，因此乙醇应被视为一种真正的肾毒素。
