Ding Yaru, Chen Yulan, Lin Zhengquan, Tuo Yangyang, Li Hongli, Wang Yan
College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Liangshan Prefecture Company, Tobacco Company of Sichuan, Xichang, China.
Curr Microbiol. 2021 Feb;78(2):624-633. doi: 10.1007/s00284-020-02318-3. Epub 2021 Jan 4.
Soil microorganism has a profound influence on planting growth and disease suppression. However, the difference in microbial community structure between suppressive and root rot-conducive soil and the mechanism of controlling soil-borne diseases by microorganisms in suppressive soil were not clear. To provide a theoretical foundation for prevention and control of root rot, this paper investigated the change of community structure in rhizosphere soil between suppressive and root rot-conducive tobacco fields. Soil samples were collected during before transplanting, vigorous growing period, and mature period of the tobacco, and bacteria and fungi were analyzed using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Results showed that bacteria were more sensitive to the change between suppressive and root rot-conducive soil, and fungi were more sensitive to the change of different tobacco growth periods. Compared with conducive soil, tobacco suppressive soil can resist the invasion of pathogens, especially fungi, by regulating soil microbial community structure, and the potential pathogen Boeremia was always lower. Fusarium, the root rot pathogen, decreased rapidly in the mature period in suppressive soil. Moreover, norank_o_Gaiellales and unclassified_f_Trichocomaceae had a critical role in suppressive soil in the process of inhibiting root rot, which was obvious in the mature stage. Overall, the results indicated that the composition and structure of the microbial community significantly altered between suppressive and conducive soil along with the growth of tobacco, and suppressive soil could inhibit the occurrence of soil-borne diseases by boosting beneficial bacteria and inhibiting the potential pathogens.
土壤微生物对作物生长和病害抑制具有深远影响。然而，抑制性土壤和根腐病易发土壤之间微生物群落结构的差异以及抑制性土壤中微生物控制土传病害的机制尚不清楚。为了为根腐病的防治提供理论基础，本文研究了抑制性和根腐病易发烟田根际土壤群落结构的变化。在烟草移栽前、旺长期和成熟期采集土壤样本，分别使用16S rRNA和18S rRNA基因测序分析细菌和真菌。结果表明，细菌对抑制性和根腐病易发土壤之间的变化更敏感，而真菌对不同烟草生长时期的变化更敏感。与易发土壤相比，烟草抑制性土壤可通过调节土壤微生物群落结构抵抗病原菌尤其是真菌的入侵，潜在病原菌博瑞霉属的含量始终较低。根腐病病原菌镰刀菌在抑制性土壤成熟期迅速减少。此外，未分类的盖氏菌目和未分类的曲霉科在抑制性土壤抑制根腐病过程中起关键作用，在成熟期尤为明显。总体而言，结果表明，随着烟草生长，抑制性土壤和易发土壤之间微生物群落的组成和结构发生显著变化，抑制性土壤可通过促进有益细菌和抑制潜在病原菌来抑制土传病害的发生。
