Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupelec, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
Essilor International, Research and Development, Vision Science Department, Créteil, France.
Optom Vis Sci. 2021 Jan 1;98(1):73-80. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001627.
Image simulation is a useful and efficient tool to explore the impact of defocus and astigmatism combinations on visual acuity and image quality score when accommodation is taken into account.
The goal of this experiment was to determine if a simulation is able to predict visual acuity and image quality score (IQS) with defocus and astigmatism combinations in presbyopes.
We measured visual acuity and IQS in five defocus and astigmatism combinations in either real or simulated conditions. In real conditions, the subjects viewed a stimulus through an ophthalmic lens or a deformable mirror. In simulated conditions, subjects viewed images of the same stimulus with simulated blur. The amounts of defocus and astigmatism combinations of a progressive addition lens in near vision were generated through a static correction of the subject's aberrations. We simulated three levels of accommodation: subject could not accommodate (FOC0), subject could accommodate to the less hyperopic focal point (FOC1), or subject could accommodate to the circle of least confusion (FOC2).
Visual acuity or IQS did not differ between mirror and progressive addition lens conditions. Visual acuity measured in real blur conditions differed significantly from that in FOC0 simulated blur condition but were similar to that in FOC1 and FOC2 simulated blur conditions. Image quality score obtained in real conditions were between scores measured with the FOC0 and FOC1 simulated conditions, suggesting that the subjects were able to produce a low level of accommodation.
Accommodation may play a role when comparing optical and simulated defocus and astigmatism combinations. Presbyopic subjects are able to produce a low level of accommodation that may counterbalance a part of the deleterious effect of the astigmatism on image quality. Simulation remains a useful tool if the correct accommodation state is taken into account.
当考虑到调节时，图像模拟是一种有用且高效的工具，可以用来探索离焦和散光组合对视力和图像质量评分的影响。
本实验旨在确定模拟是否能够预测远视患者离焦和散光组合的视力和图像质量评分（IQS）。
我们在真实或模拟条件下测量了 5 种离焦和散光组合的视力和 IQS。在真实条件下，受试者通过眼科镜片或变形镜观察刺激物。在模拟条件下，受试者通过模拟模糊观察相同刺激物的图像。近视力渐进附加透镜的离焦和散光组合量通过对受试者像差的静态校正产生。我们模拟了三种调节水平：受试者不能调节（FOC0）、受试者可以调节到较远视焦点（FOC1）或受试者可以调节到最小模糊圈（FOC2）。
在镜片和渐进附加透镜条件下，视力或 IQS 没有差异。在真实模糊条件下测量的视力与 FOC0 模拟模糊条件下的视力有显著差异，但与 FOC1 和 FOC2 模拟模糊条件下的视力相似。在真实条件下获得的图像质量评分位于 FOC0 和 FOC1 模拟条件之间，表明受试者能够产生较低水平的调节。
在比较光学和模拟离焦和散光组合时，调节可能会起作用。远视患者能够产生较低水平的调节，这可能会抵消散光对图像质量的部分不利影响。如果考虑到正确的调节状态，模拟仍然是一种有用的工具。
