Bendary Mahmoud M, Ibrahim Doaa, Mosbah Rasha A, Mosallam Farag, Hegazy Wael A H, Awad Naglaa F S, Alshareef Walaa A, Alomar Suliman Y, Zaitone Sawsan A, Abd El-Hamid Marwa I
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42511, Egypt.
Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Dec 30;10(1):25. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10010025.
Foodborne pathogens have been associated with severe and complicated diseases. Therefore, these types of infections are a concern for public health officials and food and dairy industries. Regarding the wide-spread multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) foodborne pathogens such as Enteritidis ( Enteritidis), new and alternative therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Therefore, we investigated the antimicrobial, anti-virulence, and immunostimulant activities of a stable formulation of thymol as thymol nanoemulsion in an in vivo approach. Notably, treatment with 2.25% thymol nanoemulsion led to a pronounced improvement in the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in addition to decreases in the severity of clinical findings and mortality percentages of challenged chickens with XDR Enteritidis confirming its pronounced antimicrobial activities. Moreover, thymol nanoemulsion, at this dose, had protective effects through up-regulation of the protective cytokines and down-regulation of XDR Enteritidis virulence gene and interleukins () and cytokines as those hinder the host defenses. Furthermore, it enhanced the growth of gut species, which increases the strength of the immune system. For that, we suggested the therapeutic use of thymol nanoemulsion against resistant foodborne pathogens. Finally, we recommended the use of 2.25% thymol nanoemulsion as a feed additive for immunocompromised individuals as well as in the veterinary fields.
食源性病原体与严重且复杂的疾病有关。因此，这类感染是公共卫生官员以及食品和乳制品行业所关注的问题。鉴于广泛传播的多重耐药（MDR）和广泛耐药（XDR）食源性病原体，如肠炎沙门氏菌（肠炎沙门氏菌），迫切需要新的替代治疗方法。因此，我们采用体内实验方法研究了百里香酚稳定制剂——百里香酚纳米乳剂的抗菌、抗毒力和免疫刺激活性。值得注意的是，用2.25%的百里香酚纳米乳剂进行治疗，除了能减轻临床症状的严重程度和降低感染XDR肠炎沙门氏菌的鸡的死亡率外，还能显著提高体重增加和饲料转化率，证实了其显著的抗菌活性。此外，该剂量的百里香酚纳米乳剂通过上调保护性细胞因子以及下调XDR肠炎沙门氏菌毒力基因和白细胞介素（）和细胞因子（这些会阻碍宿主防御）发挥保护作用。此外，它促进了肠道菌群的生长，增强了免疫系统的功能。为此，我们建议将百里香酚纳米乳剂用于治疗耐药食源性病原体。最后，我们建议将2.25%的百里香酚纳米乳剂用作免疫功能低下个体的饲料添加剂以及用于兽医领域。
