Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan.
J Econ Entomol. 2021 Feb 9;114(1):257-264. doi: 10.1093/jee/toaa293.
Prompt responses to invasive Latrodectus spiders introduced unintentionally are needed worldwide due to their medical and ecological importance. Latrodectus species are chemically controlled using pyrethroid insecticides despite concerns about the ecological impacts of these compounds on biodiversity/ecosystems. Here, the relative sensitivities (acute toxicity: 48-h LC50) of Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell and Latrodectus geometricus C.L. Koch from Japan to the conventional neurotoxic insecticide bifenthrin (pyrethroid) and a new candidate insecticide, fipronil (phenylpyrazole), were examined. Acute residual toxicity tests of these compounds in two nontarget spiders (Parasteatoda tepidariorum C.L. Koch (Araneae: Theridiidae), Badumna insignis L. Koch (Araneae: Desidae)) were conducted for comparison. To test whether bifenthrin and fipronil toxicities differed among the four spiders, corresponding species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) were compared, and hazardous concentrations were determined. Sensitivity (especially in the nontarget species) was two to four orders of magnitude higher for bifenthrin than for fipronil. The SSD patterns of the two insecticides differed significantly, with the spider communities being more sensitive to bifenthrin than to fipronil. The lethal bifenthrin concentration for Latrodectus may reduce spider populations by over 70-90%. If L. hasseltii (established throughout Japan) is targeted for effective population suppression rather than L. geometricus (with a limited distribution range) using the specified insecticide concentration (LC50 value) for fipronil, less than 20% of spider communities will be impacted. Chemical operations aimed at the effective population management and subsequent eradication of invasive Latrodectus spiders while supporting local biodiversity conservation would benefit from considerations of fipronil dosages and target species sensitivities.
由于医学和生态重要性，全世界都需要对无意中引入的入侵性黑寡妇蜘蛛做出快速反应。尽管人们对这些化合物对生物多样性/生态系统的生态影响表示担忧，但仍使用拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对黑寡妇属物种进行化学控制。在此，测试了来自日本的黑寡妇属 hasseltii Thorell 和 Latrodectus geometricus C.L. Koch 对常规神经毒杀虫剂溴氰菊酯（拟除虫菊酯）和新候选杀虫剂氟虫腈（苯并吡唑）的相对敏感性（急性毒性：48 小时 LC50）。还进行了这些化合物在两种非靶标蜘蛛（Parasteatoda tepidariorum C.L. Koch（蛛形纲：Theridiidae），Badumna insignis L. Koch（蛛形纲：Desidae））中的急性残留毒性测试，以便进行比较。为了测试溴氰菊酯和氟虫腈的毒性是否在这四种蜘蛛之间存在差异，比较了相应的物种敏感性分布（SSD），并确定了危险浓度。溴氰菊酯的敏感性（尤其是在非靶标物种中）比氟虫腈高两到四个数量级。两种杀虫剂的 SSD 模式差异显着，表明蜘蛛群落对溴氰菊酯的敏感性高于氟虫腈。致死浓度的溴氰菊酯可能会使 Latrodectus 的种群减少 70-90％以上。如果使用氟虫腈的指定杀虫剂浓度（LC50 值）来针对已在日本各地建立的 L. hasseltii（而不是分布范围有限的 L. geometricus）进行有效种群抑制，而不是进行目标控制，那么不到 20％的蜘蛛群落将受到影响。在考虑氟虫腈剂量和目标物种敏感性的情况下，针对入侵性黑寡妇蜘蛛的有效种群管理和随后的根除，同时支持当地生物多样性保护的化学操作将从中受益。
