Affiliate Faculty Graduate in Esthetic Dentistry Program, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain and Researcher at Revilla Research Center, Madrid, Spain.
Private Practice, Dallas, Texas, USA.
J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021 Jan;33(1):143-151. doi: 10.1111/jerd.12703. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
To review the techniques and available 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software programs to perform a diagnostic waxing for restorative procedures when cone beam computed tomography is not indicated.
An electronic review was performed in Medline, Embase, and Scopus search engines. A manual search was also conducted. The articles evaluating methods to obtain a 2D or 3D patient's representation for restorative dental procedures were included. A total of 33 articles were included for full text review. CAD programs provide the capability to integrate facial features from 2D photographs or 3D facial scans and facilitate facially driven digital diagnostic waxing procedures. Diagnostic and design tools varied among the programs, and multiple technique descriptions were found. However, the literature evaluating the accuracy of virtual patients and the perception variations between the 2D and 3D dimensional representations is limited.
The integration of digital technologies into treatment planning procedures introduce variation into the conventional interfaces; however, the concepts remain the same. Further studies are needed to evaluate the accuracy of the virtual representations and the influence of the type of dimensional representation on the esthetic perceptions among dental professionals.
The 2D and 3D CAD software programs facilitate the integration of facial features into digital diagnostic waxing procedures; however, the esthetic perception of the patient's virtual representation might vary among the different systems.
回顾在锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）不适用时，用于修复程序的诊断蜡型的技术和现有的二维（2D）和三维（3D）计算机辅助设计（CAD）软件程序。
在 Medline、Embase 和 Scopus 搜索引擎中进行了电子检索。还进行了手动搜索。评估用于获取患者的 2D 或 3D 代表以进行修复牙科程序的方法的文章均被纳入。共有 33 篇文章进行了全文审查。CAD 程序具有从 2D 照片或 3D 面部扫描中集成面部特征的功能，并促进了面向面部的数字诊断蜡型程序。程序之间的诊断和设计工具各不相同，并且发现了多种技术描述。然而，评估虚拟患者的准确性和 2D 与 3D 维度表示之间的感知差异的文献有限。
将数字技术集成到治疗计划程序中会给传统界面带来变化；然而，概念保持不变。需要进一步研究来评估虚拟表示的准确性以及维度表示类型对牙科专业人员审美感知的影响。
2D 和 3D CAD 软件程序促进了面部特征与数字诊断蜡型程序的集成；然而，患者虚拟表示的审美感知可能会因不同系统而有所不同。
