Wu T C, Tashkin D P, Djahed B, Rose J E
Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine 90024.
N Engl J Med. 1988 Feb 11;318(6):347-51. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198802113180603.
To compare the pulmonary hazards of smoking marijuana and tobacco, we quantified the relative burden to the lung of insoluble particulates (tar) and carbon monoxide from the smoke of similar quantities of marijuana and tobacco. The 15 subjects, all men, had smoked both marijuana and tobacco habitually for at least five years. We measured each subject's blood carboxyhemoglobin level before and after smoking and the amount of tar inhaled and deposited in the respiratory tract from the smoke of single filter-tipped tobacco cigarettes (900 to 1200 mg) and marijuana cigarettes (741 to 985 mg) containing 0.004 percent or 1.24 percent delta 9-tetrahydrocanabinol. As compared with smoking tobacco, smoking marijuana was associated with a nearly fivefold greater increment in the blood carboxyhemoglobin level, an approximately threefold increase in the amount of tar inhaled, and retention in the respiratory tract of one third more inhaled tar (P less than 0.001). Significant differences were also noted in the dynamics of smoking marijuana and tobacco, among them an approximately two-thirds larger puff volume, a one-third greater depth of inhalation, and a fourfold longer breath-holding time with marijuana than with tobacco (P less than 0.01). Smoking dynamics and the delivery of tar during marijuana smoking were only slightly influenced by the percentage of tetrahydrocanabinol. We conclude that smoking marijuana, regardless of tetrahydrocannabinol content, results in a substantially greater respiratory burden of carbon monoxide and tar than smoking a similar quantity of tobacco.
为比较吸食大麻和烟草对肺部的危害，我们对等量大麻和烟草烟雾中不溶性颗粒（焦油）及一氧化碳给肺部造成的相对负担进行了量化。15名受试者均为男性，均有至少五年的大麻和烟草吸食习惯。我们测量了每位受试者在吸烟前后的血液碳氧血红蛋白水平，以及从单支过滤嘴香烟（900至1200毫克）和大麻香烟（741至985毫克）（分别含有0.004%或1.24%的δ9 - 四氢大麻酚）烟雾中吸入并沉积在呼吸道的焦油量。与吸食烟草相比，吸食大麻会使血液碳氧血红蛋白水平升高近五倍，吸入的焦油量增加约三倍，且吸入的焦油在呼吸道中的留存量多出三分之一（P < 0.001）。吸食大麻和烟草在吸烟动态方面也存在显著差异，其中吸食大麻时的 puff 量大约大三分之二，吸入深度大出三分之一，屏气时间比吸食烟草时长四倍（P < 0.01）。大麻吸食过程中的吸烟动态及焦油输送仅受四氢大麻酚百分比的轻微影响。我们得出结论，无论四氢大麻酚含量如何，吸食大麻都会比吸食等量烟草导致更大的一氧化碳和焦油呼吸负担。
