Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021 Mar 1;16(3):407-414. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0094. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
To compare the effects of different modalities of morning priming exercise on afternoon physical performance with the associated hormonal and psychophysiological responses in young soccer players.
In a randomized counterbalanced crossover design, 12 young soccer players completed 3 different morning conditions on 3 different days: repeated-sprint running (6 × 40 m), easy exercise (4 × 12 fast half squats, 6 speed ladder drills, and 20-m sprints), and control (no exercise). Blood testosterone and cortisol concentrations were assessed upon arrival (approximately 8:30AM) and approximately 5 hours and 30 minutes later. Body temperature, self-reported mood, quadriceps neuromuscular function (maximal voluntary contraction, voluntary activation, rate of torque development, and twitch contractile properties), jump, and sprint performance were evaluated twice per day, while rating of perceived exertion, motivation, and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 (IR2) tests were assessed once per day.
Compared with the control, repeated-sprint running induced a possible positive effect on testosterone (+11.6%) but a possible to very likely negative effect on twitch contractile properties (-13.0%), jump height (-1.4%), and Yo-Yo IR2 (-7.1%). On the other hand, easy exercise had an unclear effect on testosterone (-3.3%), resulted in lower self-reported fatigue (-31.0%) and cortisol (-12.9%), and had a possible positive effect on the rate of torque development (+4.3%) and Yo-Yo IR2 (+6.5%) compared with the control.
Players' testosterone levels were positively influenced by repeated-sprint running, but this did not translate into better physical function, as both muscular and endurance performance were reduced. Easy exercise seemed to be suitable to optimize the physical performance and psychophysiological state of young soccer players.
比较不同晨起预热运动模式对青年足球运动员下午身体表现的影响，以及相关的激素和心理生理反应。
采用随机交叉对照设计，12 名年轻足球运动员在 3 天内完成 3 种不同的晨起条件：重复冲刺跑（6×40 m）、轻松运动（4×12 快速半蹲、6 个速度梯训练和 20 m 冲刺）和对照（无运动）。到达时（约 8：30）和大约 5 小时 30 分钟后评估血液睾酮和皮质醇浓度。每天两次评估体温、自我报告的情绪、股四头肌神经肌肉功能（最大随意收缩、随意激活、扭矩发展率和抽搐收缩特性）、跳跃和冲刺表现，而每天评估一次感觉用力程度、动机和 Yo-Yo 间歇性恢复水平 2（IR2）测试。
与对照相比，重复冲刺跑可能对睾酮产生积极影响（+11.6%），但可能对抽搐收缩特性（-13.0%）、跳跃高度（-1.4%）和 Yo-Yo IR2（-7.1%）产生负面影响。另一方面，轻松运动对睾酮的影响不明确（-3.3%），导致自我报告的疲劳（-31.0%）和皮质醇（-12.9%）降低，与对照相比，可能对扭矩发展率（+4.3%）和 Yo-Yo IR2（+6.5%）产生积极影响。
重复冲刺跑对运动员的睾酮水平有积极影响，但这并没有转化为更好的身体功能，因为肌肉和耐力表现都有所下降。轻松运动似乎适合优化青年足球运动员的身体表现和心理生理状态。
