El-Ghar Mohamed Abou, Farg Hashim, Sharaf Doaa Elsayed, El-Diasty Tarek
Radiology department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Jan 1;57(1):32. doi: 10.3390/medicina57010032.
There are many acute and chronic infections affecting the urinary tract including bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can present in many different patterns with variable degrees of severity varying from asymptomatic and uncomplicated forms to life threatening complicated infections. Cross-sectional imaging techniques-including both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-have become very important tools not only for evaluation of UTIs, but also for detection of associated complications. Selection of either CT or MRI in the UTI evaluation depends on several factors such as the presence of contraindication, experience, cost and availability. CT and MRI help in early detection and management of UTIs that reduce the prevalence and severity of complications. In this article we will present the radiologic findings at CT and MRI in different types of upper and lower UTIs including acute pyelonephritis, intrarenal and perinephric abscesses, pyonephrosis, chronic pyelonephritis, emphysematous UTIs, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, tuberculosis (TB), bilharziasis, fungal infection, corynebacterium infection, ureteritis, cystitis, prostatitis, prostatic abscess and urethritis.
有许多急性和慢性感染会影响尿路，包括细菌、真菌和病毒感染。尿路感染（UTIs）可以呈现多种不同的形式，严重程度各不相同，从无症状和非复杂性形式到危及生命的复杂性感染。横断面成像技术——包括计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI）——不仅已成为评估尿路感染的非常重要的工具，而且对于检测相关并发症也很重要。在尿路感染评估中选择CT还是MRI取决于几个因素，如是否存在禁忌症、经验、成本和可及性。CT和MRI有助于早期发现和管理尿路感染，从而降低并发症的发生率和严重程度。在本文中，我们将介绍不同类型上、下尿路感染在CT和MRI上的影像学表现，包括急性肾盂肾炎、肾内和肾周脓肿、脓肾、慢性肾盂肾炎、气肿性尿路感染、黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎、结核病（TB）、血吸虫病、真菌感染、棒状杆菌感染、输尿管炎、膀胱炎、前列腺炎、前列腺脓肿和尿道炎。
