Phytochemical Characterization, In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Diabetic, and Cytotoxic Activities of the Edible Aromatic Plant; .

is a medicinal herb that alleviates inflammations and fever. Chromatographic separation, phytochemical characterization, and in vitro biological activities of the plant -hexane extract were conducted for the first time in this study. Six compounds were isolated for the first time from the -hexane fraction of aerial parts and were identified on the bases of NMR and MS analyses as pseudo-taraxaterol (), pseudo-taraxasterol acetate (), 3β-acetoxytaraxaster-20-en-30-aldehyde (), calenduladiol-3--palmitate (), stigmasterol (), and α-tocospiro B (). Compound () was a rare tocopherol-related compound and was isolated for the first time from family Asteraceae, while compound () was isolated for the first time from genus . The total alcoholic extract and -hexane fraction were tested for their anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic activities. The -hexane fraction has dose dependent red blood cells (RBCs) membrane stabilization and inhibition of histamine release activities with IC: 60.8 and 72.9 µg/mL, respectively. As antidiabetic activity, the alcoholic extract exerted the most inhibition on the activity of yeast α-glucosidase, with an IC: 76.8 µg/mL. The -hexane fraction showed cytotoxic activity against hepatocarcinoma (HepG-2), breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and prostate carcinoma (PC-3) cell lines with IC: 51.8, 90.8 and 62.2 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effect of might be attributed to the triterpenoid constituents of the -hexane extract of the plant.