Karabín Marcel, Hudcová Tereza, Jelínek Lukáš, Dostálek Pavel
Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2016 May;15(3):542-567. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12201. Epub 2016 Mar 1.
Although female cones of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus) are known primarily as raw material supplying characteristic bitterness and aroma to beer, their equally significant health-promoting effects have been known to mankind for several thousand years and hop is a plant traditionally utilized in folk medicine. This paper summarizes the scientific knowledge on the effects of all 3 major groups of secondary metabolites of hops; polyphenols, essential oils, and resins. Because of their chemical diversity, it is no coincidence that these compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmacologically important properties. In addition to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer-related properties, particular attention is being paid to prenylflavonoids that occur almost exclusively in hops and are considered to be some of the most active phytoestrogens known. Hop oils and resins are well known for their sedative and other neuropharmacological properties, but in addition, these compounds exhibit antibacterial and antifungal effects. Recently, alpha bitter acids have been shown to block the development of a number of complex lifestyle diseases that are referred to by the collective name "metabolic syndrome." Information presented in this review confirms the significant potential for the use of hops in the pharmaceutical industry and provides an understanding of beer as a natural drink that, although moderately consumed, may become a source of many health-promoting compounds.
尽管啤酒花植物（Humulus lupulus）的雌性球果主要作为为啤酒提供独特苦味和香气的原材料而闻名，但其同样重要的促进健康的功效已为人类所知数千年，并且啤酒花是一种传统上用于民间医学的植物。本文总结了关于啤酒花三大类次生代谢产物（多酚、精油和树脂）作用的科学知识。由于它们的化学多样性，这些化合物展现出广泛的药理学重要特性也就不足为奇了。除了抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌相关特性外，人们特别关注几乎仅存在于啤酒花中的异戊烯基黄酮类化合物，它们被认为是已知的一些最具活性的植物雌激素。啤酒花油和树脂以其镇静及其他神经药理学特性而闻名，但除此之外，这些化合物还具有抗菌和抗真菌作用。最近，α-苦味酸已被证明可以阻止许多被统称为“代谢综合征”的复杂生活方式疾病的发展。本综述中呈现的信息证实了啤酒花在制药行业应用的巨大潜力，并使人们了解到啤酒作为一种天然饮品，尽管适度饮用，但可能成为许多促进健康化合物的来源。
