Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
Psychol Rep. 2022 Apr;125(2):703-722. doi: 10.1177/0033294120984123. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
Victims often perceive aggressive behaviors as being more harmful than do perpetrators-a so-called victim-perpetrator asymmetry. We examined whether this victim-perpetrator asymmetry was especially strong for individuals who were high in trait hostility. In two studies-one where participants recalled actual aggressive experiences and one where participants took the perspective of a person in a vignette-we found that victims who were high in trait hostility, relative to those who were low, viewed aggressive behaviors as being most harmful. We found somewhat inconsistent effects for whether perpetrators viewed the aggressive behaviors as more justified than victims did and whether trait hostility moderated this judgment. Collectively, the current findings show that victims who are high in trait hostility are especially likely to view an aggressive behavior as harmful, which potentially makes conflict resolution difficult for these individuals and increases the likelihood they would retaliate.
受害者通常认为攻击行为比加害者更具危害性——这就是所谓的受害者-加害者不对称。我们研究了这种受害者-加害者不对称是否对那些具有高特质敌意的个体尤其强烈。在两项研究中——一项是参与者回忆实际的攻击经历，另一项是参与者从情景故事中的一个人的角度出发——我们发现，相对于特质敌意低的参与者，特质敌意高的受害者认为攻击行为的危害性最大。我们发现，加害者是否认为攻击行为比受害者更有正当性，以及特质敌意是否调节了这种判断，存在一些不一致的影响。总的来说，目前的研究结果表明，特质敌意高的受害者尤其可能认为攻击行为是有害的，这可能使这些个体很难解决冲突，并增加他们报复的可能性。
