School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, 160 Oxford St Darlinghurst NSW 2010 Australia.
National Integrated Program for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Health, Rue Pierre Ngendandumwe, Bujumbura, Burundi.
Afr Health Sci. 2020 Mar;20(1):182-189. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v20i1.23.
Burundi is currently not meeting targets for elimination of trachoma and trichiasis by 2020 (GET2020). The recommended SAFE strategy (Surgery, antibiotics, face washing and environmental improvement) is currently not fully implemented in many areas of Burundi. The existence of associations between face-washing, sanitation and trachoma prevalence remain undocumented.
A convenience sample of 468 individuals from 117 households was drawn from attendees at trachoma clinics set up in four villages. Trachoma status, sex and age were recorded for all household members. Adult household members were surveyed about access to clean water and toilets, and knowledge of trachoma risk factors. Associations between cases of active trachoma per household and environmental risk factors were evaluated using generalised estimating equations.
The overall prevalence of active trachoma was 7.1% (95% CI 5.0-9.6%), but 19.5% (95% CI13.7-26.4%) in children under nine years old. 0.9% (95% CI 0.3-2.0) of participants had trichiasis. Access to a sanitary toilet more than halved the odds of active trachoma (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25-0.74%), however, participants did not appreciate this association.
Access to sanitation was associated with the occurrence of active trachoma. Future research should focus on whether improving knowledge of and access to sanitation might reduce trachoma prevalence.
布隆迪目前尚未实现到 2020 年消除沙眼和倒睫的目标（GET2020）。目前，在布隆迪的许多地区，推荐的 SAFE 策略（手术、抗生素、洗脸和环境卫生改善）并未得到全面实施。洗脸、卫生与沙眼流行之间的关联尚不清楚。
从四个村庄的沙眼诊所就诊者中抽取了 117 户家庭中的 468 名方便样本。记录了所有家庭成员的沙眼状况、性别和年龄。对成年家庭成员进行了有关获得清洁水和厕所的情况以及对沙眼危险因素的了解情况的调查。使用广义估计方程评估每户家庭中活动性沙眼病例与环境危险因素之间的关联。
活动性沙眼的总体患病率为 7.1%（95%CI5.0-9.6%），但 9 岁以下儿童的患病率为 19.5%（95%CI13.7-26.4%）。0.9%（95%CI0.3-2.0）的参与者患有倒睫。使用卫生厕所的机会使活动性沙眼的几率降低了一半以上（OR0.43，95%CI0.25-0.74%），但参与者并未意识到这种关联。
获得卫生设施与活动性沙眼的发生有关。未来的研究应集中于改善对卫生设施的了解和获取是否可能降低沙眼的流行率。
