Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, India.
Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
J Food Biochem. 2021 Feb;45(2):e13600. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13600. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that results in distorted insulin signaling and microvascular complications. Current antidiabetic drugs possess harmful long term side effects, necessitating the need for alternate or compliment therapy with lesser issues. Medicinal plants such as ginger have been reported to possess several beneficial activities including antidiabetic activity. The antidiabetic efficacy of microwave-assisted polyphenolic extracts of Indian ginger cultivars from Odisha (MPO) and Tamil Nadu (MPT) is reported here. MPT and MPO showed insulin stimulated glucose uptake of 1.74 ± 0.25 and 1.47 ± 0.15 fold at 6.25 µg/ml of concentrations in C2C12 cells respectively when compared to control. MPT possessed α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory and anti-glycation properties. It also showed DPPH radical scavenging activity (7.69 ± 0.001%), inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide production (1.06 ± 0.004 fold) than the latter and increased the GLUT4 protein expression by 1.4 fold. Major active compounds such as shogaol and gingerol derivatives, curcumene, zingiberone were identified through GC-ESI/MS analysis and D-pinitol (cyclitol) was identified through HPLC analysis in this variety. This is the first paper to report the presence of an antidiabetic compound, D-pinitol, in the ginger variety. Polyphenol rich, biologically potent ginger extracts can be a good food and nutraceutical supplement to address diabetes and related complications. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ginger is a native spice of South Asian Countries including India. Ginger extracts possess several medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. It is used to treat nausea, vomiting and commonly used as a food flavouring agent and dietary food supplement. Our study shows the antidiabetic, anti-glycation and antioxidant efficacy of polyphenol rich Indian ginger cultivars grown in different geographical regions. Variations in the biological activities between the MPT and MPO ginger variety was observed. Different environmental conditions and their corresponding metabolite accumulation can be correlated with the better activity shown by MPT variety. It showed an increased GLUT4 expression even at a lower dose of 6.25 µg/ml. Ginger cultivar, especially MPT variety can be used as an adjuvant therapy for treating diabetes. Therefore, our study indicates that polyphenols rich ginger cultivar has major application in functional food product development.
糖尿病是一种慢性代谢紊乱，导致胰岛素信号转导紊乱和微血管并发症。目前的抗糖尿病药物具有有害的长期副作用，因此需要使用副作用较小的替代或补充疗法。已经报道，生姜等药用植物具有多种有益的活性，包括抗糖尿病活性。本文报道了来自奥里萨邦（MPO）和泰米尔纳德邦（MPT）的印度生姜品种的微波辅助多酚提取物（MPO）的抗糖尿病功效。与对照相比，MPT 和 MPO 分别在 6.25μg/ml 的浓度下在 C2C12 细胞中显示出胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取增加 1.74±0.25 和 1.47±0.15 倍。MPT 具有α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制和抗糖化特性。它还表现出 DPPH 自由基清除活性（7.69±0.001%），抑制 LPS 诱导的一氧化氮产生（1.06±0.004 倍），并使 GLUT4 蛋白表达增加 1.4 倍。通过 GC-ESI/MS 分析和 HPLC 分析，在该品种中鉴定出主要的活性化合物，如姜烯和姜酚衍生物、莪术烯、姜酮等，环丁醇（cyclitol）。这是第一篇报道生姜品种中存在抗糖尿病化合物 D-松醇的论文。富含多酚、生物活性强的生姜提取物可以作为一种良好的食品和营养补充剂，用于治疗糖尿病及其相关并发症。实际应用：生姜是包括印度在内的南亚国家的本土香料。生姜提取物具有多种药用特性，如抗炎、抗糖尿病和抗氧化活性。它用于治疗恶心、呕吐，通常用作食品调味剂和膳食补充剂。我们的研究表明，在不同地理区域种植的富含多酚的印度生姜品种具有抗糖尿病、抗糖化和抗氧化功效。在 MPT 和 MPO 生姜品种之间观察到生物活性的变化。不同的环境条件及其相应的代谢产物积累可以与 MPT 品种表现出更好的活性相关。它甚至在较低的 6.25μg/ml 剂量下也显示出增加的 GLUT4 表达。生姜品种，特别是 MPT 品种可作为治疗糖尿病的辅助治疗。因此，我们的研究表明，富含多酚的生姜品种在功能性食品产品开发中有重要应用。
