Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Belfast, UK.
Research and Evaluation, Special Olympic Inc, Washington, DC, USA.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2021 Mar;65(3):272-282. doi: 10.1111/jir.12809. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
People with intellectual disability (ID) are often socially isolated, and many experience stigma and discrimination. Increased contact with the general public is thought to overcome prejudices. This large-scale international study had three main aims: to determine the type and frequency of contact that the general public has with people with ID; to identify the personal characteristics of those who have greater contact; and to examine the public's level of comfort at the prospect of having contact with people with ID.
Self-completed online questionnaires were administered to nationally representative panels of respondents in 17 countries; totally 24 504 persons. Multivariate analyses were used to identify respondents more likely to have had frequent personal contact with persons with ID from those with infrequent or no contact and those respondents who were most comfortable at meeting a person with ID.
Internationally around one in four of the general population reports having frequent personal contact with people who have an ID although this varied from 7% in Japan to 46% in Panama. The principal forms of contact were through friendships, neighbours or extended family members. Over all countries, volunteering and engagement with Special Olympics were the two main predictors of frequent personal contact followed by employment in the education, health or social care field, being a parent of children under 18 years, playing sports and being employed. People who reported frequent personal contact were also more comfortable at meeting a person with ID.
This international dataset provides a baseline against which public contact can be compared across countries and changes monitored over time. The findings suggest ways in which greater contact can be promoted and making the public more comfortable at meeting people with ID.
智障人士（ID）通常会被社会孤立，许多人会受到歧视和偏见。人们认为增加与公众的接触可以克服偏见。这项大规模的国际研究有三个主要目的：确定公众与智障人士接触的类型和频率；确定接触程度更高的人的个人特征；并考察公众对与智障人士接触的舒适程度。
通过在线问卷对 17 个国家具有代表性的受访者进行了调查，共有 24504 人参与。采用多变量分析来确定那些与智障人士有过频繁个人接触的受访者与那些接触较少或没有接触的受访者之间的区别，以及那些最愿意与智障人士见面的受访者。
国际上大约四分之一的普通民众报告说与智障人士有过频繁的个人接触，尽管这一比例在日本为 7%，在巴拿马为 46%。主要的接触形式是通过朋友、邻居或大家庭成员。在所有国家中，志愿服务和参与特殊奥林匹克运动会是频繁个人接触的两个主要预测因素，其次是在教育、卫生或社会保健领域就业、有 18 岁以下子女的父母、从事体育活动和受雇。报告有频繁个人接触的人也更愿意与智障人士见面。
这个国际数据集提供了一个基准，可以用来比较各国之间的公众接触情况，并监测随着时间的推移的变化。研究结果表明了如何促进更多的接触，并使公众更愿意与智障人士见面。
