Allergy Asthma Proc. 2021 Jan 1;42(1):e40-e46. doi: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.200105.
House-dust mites (HDM) allergen is one of the most important allergens in southern China; however, studies on the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus components are relatively lacking. This study analyzed the molecular components of D. pteronyssinus in patients with allergic asthma (AS) and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) sensitized to D. pteronyssinus, and aimed to improve HDM immunotherapy in southern China. Allergen component-resolved diagnosis detection technology was used to detect the serum levels of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to D. pteronyssinus allergen components (Der p 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 23) in patients who were sensitized to D. pteronyssinus and with AR (n = 106), AS (n = 144), or AR combined with AS (n = 134). The highest positive rates of components were Der p 1 (94.8%), followed by Der p 2 (77.6%), Der p 23 (62.5%), Der p 7 (34.6%), Der p 5 (17.7%), Der p 10 (12.2%), and Der p 3 (2.6%). Patients with AR+AS had the highest positive rates to Der p 2 (85.8%), Der p 23 (62.7%), Der p 7 (40.3%), Der p 5 (25.0%), and Der p 10 (16.4%). Der p 1 had the highest positive rate in patients with AR (95.3%). The Der p 3 positive rate in patients with AS (6.0%) was higher than that in patients with AR (0.0%, χ² = 6.872, p < 0.05) and patients with AR+AS (0.7%, χ² = 6.063, p < 0.05) Among the patients with AR+AS, 19.1% were co-sensitized to Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 23, and Der p 7. Interestingly, only one patient with AR was exclusively sensitized to Der p 23. An optimal scale analysis showed that Der p 5, Der p 23, and Der p 7 had strong connection (Cronbach α = 93.7%). Der p 1 and Der p 2 were the main sensitization components of D. pteronyssinus, and patients with AS+AR had the highest positive rate for five of seven D. pteronyssinus allergen components. This research can provide suggestions for personalized HDM-specific immunotherapy in southern China.
屋尘螨（HDM）过敏原是中国南方最重要的过敏原之一；然而，有关粉尘螨成分的研究相对较少。本研究分析了对粉尘螨过敏的过敏性哮喘（AS）和/或过敏性鼻炎（AR）患者的粉尘螨分子成分，旨在改善中国南方的 HDM 免疫治疗。应用过敏原成分分辨诊断检测技术检测了 106 例对粉尘螨过敏且伴有 AR、144 例 AS 和 134 例 AR 合并 AS 的患者血清特异性免疫球蛋白 E（sIgE）对粉尘螨过敏原成分（Der p 1、2、3、5、7、10 和 23）的水平。结果显示，各成分的阳性率最高的为 Der p 1（94.8%），其次是 Der p 2（77.6%）、Der p 23（62.5%）、Der p 7（34.6%）、Der p 5（17.7%）、Der p 10（12.2%）和 Der p 3（2.6%）。AR+AS 患者对 Der p 2（85.8%）、Der p 23（62.7%）、Der p 7（40.3%）、Der p 5（25.0%）和 Der p 10（16.4%）的阳性率最高。AR 患者中 Der p 1 的阳性率最高（95.3%）。AS 患者中 Der p 3 的阳性率（6.0%）高于 AR 患者（0.0%，χ²=6.872，p<0.05）和 AR+AS 患者（0.7%，χ²=6.063，p<0.05）。在 AR+AS 患者中，19.1%的患者同时对 Der p 1、Der p 2、Der p 23 和 Der p 7 过敏。有趣的是，仅 1 例 AR 患者对 Der p 23 呈特异性过敏。最佳标度分析显示，Der p 5、Der p 23 和 Der p 7 具有很强的关联性（Cronbach α=93.7%）。Der p 1 和 Der p 2 是粉尘螨的主要致敏成分，AS+AR 患者对粉尘螨 7 种过敏原成分中的 5 种的阳性率最高。本研究可为中国南方的个体化 HDM 特异性免疫治疗提供建议。
