Institute of Horticulture, Graudu 1, Dobele, LV-3701, Latvia.
Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2021 Mar;76(1):53-59. doi: 10.1007/s11130-020-00875-3. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
Legume seeds (Fabaceae) of seven species Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar), Glycine max (soybean), Lablab purpureus (lablab-bean), Macrotyloma uniflorum (kulthi bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) and Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) were studied. The oil yield ranged from 1.2 to 20.2% dw, in the lablab-bean and soybean, respectively. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) constituted the largest part (46-78%) of total fatty acids in studied legumes. γ-Tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol (T) homologue (61-95%) in most of the tested legumes with the exception of fenugreek (α-T, 97%) and cowpea (γ-T and δ-T, nearly equal). The β-sitosterol was the main sterol (51-56%) in most legumes. While in cowpea, lablab-bean and kulthi bean the main sterols were β-sitosterol and Δ5-stigmasterol (28-37% and 14-42%, respectively). Squalene was detected only in kulthi bean and lablab-bean (58 and 284 mg/100 g oil). The total concentration of carotenoids, tocochromanols, and sterols in the studied legumes was 0.2-9.2, 12.4-276.0, and 350-8,542 mg/100 g oil, respectively. Based on the levels of minor lipophilic compounds of this study, C. tetragonoloba, T. foenum-graecum and G. max seem to have a better nutritional value compared to P. vulgaris, V. unguiculata, L. purpureus, and M. uniflorum.
对七种豆科植物的种子进行了研究，分别为兵豆（刺山柑）、大豆、羽扇豆、豇豆、菜豆、胡芦巴和豇豆。油产量范围从 1.2%至 20.2%（干重），分别在羽扇豆和大豆中。多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）构成了研究中的豆类总脂肪酸的最大部分（46-78%）。γ-生育酚是大多数测试豆类中生育酚（T）同系物的主要部分（61-95%），除了胡芦巴（α-T，97%）和豇豆（γ-T 和 δ-T，几乎相等）。β-谷甾醇是大多数豆类中的主要固醇（51-56%）。而在豇豆、羽扇豆和胡芦巴中，主要固醇是β-谷甾醇和Δ5-豆甾醇（分别为 28-37%和 14-42%）。角鲨烯仅在胡芦巴和羽扇豆中检测到（58 和 284mg/100g 油）。研究中豆类的类胡萝卜素、生育三烯醇和固醇总浓度分别为 0.2-9.2、12.4-276.0 和 350-8542mg/100g 油。根据本研究中小脂溶性化合物的水平，与 P. vulgaris、V. unguiculata、L. purpureus 和 M. uniflorum 相比，C. tetragonoloba、T. foenum-graecum 和 G. max 似乎具有更好的营养价值。
