Amani Hamed, Mostafavi Ebrahim, Arzaghi Hamidreza, Davaran Soodabeh, Akbarzadeh Abolfazl, Akhavan Omid, Pazoki-Toroudi Hamidreza, Webster Thomas J
Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2019 Jan 14;5(1):193-214. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00658. Epub 2018 Dec 10.
Presently, clinical nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology have impressively demanded the generation of new organic/inorganic analogues of graphene (as one of the intriguing biomedical research targets) for stem-cell-based tissue engineering. Among different shapes of graphene, three-dimensional (3D) graphene foams (GFs) are highly promising candidates to provide conditions for mimicking in vivo environments, affording effective cell attachment, proliferation,and differentiation due to their unique properties. These include the highest biocompatibility among nanostructures, high surface-to-volume ratio, 3D porous structure (to provide a homogeneous/isotropic growth of tissues), highly favorable mechanical characteristics, and rapid mass and electron transport kinetics (which are required for chemical/physical stimulation of differentiated cells). This review aims to describe recent and rapid advances in the fabrication of 3D GFs, together with their use in tissue engineering and regenerative nanomedicine applications. Moreover, we have summarized a broad range of recent studies about the behaviors, biocompatibility/toxicity,and biodegradability of these materials, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the highlights and challenges of these 3D porous structures, compared to the current polymeric scaffold competitors, are discussed.
目前，临床纳米医学和纳米生物技术迫切需要生成新型的石墨烯有机/无机类似物（作为引人关注的生物医学研究目标之一）用于基于干细胞的组织工程。在不同形状的石墨烯中，三维（3D）石墨烯泡沫（GFs）是非常有前景的候选材料，因其独特性能可为模拟体内环境提供条件，实现有效的细胞附着、增殖和分化。这些特性包括在纳米结构中具有最高的生物相容性、高的表面积与体积比、三维多孔结构（可实现组织的均匀/各向同性生长）、非常有利的机械特性以及快速的质量和电子传输动力学（这是分化细胞化学/物理刺激所必需的）。本综述旨在描述3D GFs制备方面的最新快速进展，以及它们在组织工程和再生纳米医学应用中的用途。此外，我们总结了近期关于这些材料在体外和体内的行为、生物相容性/毒性以及生物降解性的广泛研究。最后，讨论了与当前聚合物支架竞争对手相比，这些三维多孔结构的亮点和挑战。
