Han Shanying, Sun Jie, He Shuangba, Tang Mingliang, Chai Renjie
State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 210096, China.
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Nanjing 211102, China.
Am J Transl Res. 2019 Jun 15;11(6):3246-3260. eCollection 2019.
Graphene-based nanocomposites have attracted more and more attention recently in the field of biology and biomedicine. Graphene and its derivatives have been integrated with drugs, nucleic acids, antibodies, and other molecules. And these materials could be use as nanocomposite carriers or scaffold materials taking advantages of their enormous specific surface area, good elasticity and ductility, excellent biocompatibility, and outstanding mechanical strength. In addition, these composites have strong near-infrared absorbance and can act as photothermal agents to kill target cells through physical or chemical mechanisms. Along with significant advances in cell and organ transplantation, many of these materials have been explored in recent years for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering includes bone, nerve, heart, and muscle tissue engineering based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphene-based matrices or scaffolds possessing certain mechanical strengths and electrical conductivities, and the aim is to produce bioactive tissues to replace or repair natural tissue by promoting osteogenic, neuronal, and myogenic differentiation and myocardial cell growth. In this review, the basic properties of graphene-based complexes are systematically described and the biomedical applications of graphene-based materials in vivo and in vitro are summarized. This review first discusses the safety of graphene-based materials in terms of their biocompatibility and toxicity, and then it discusses these materials' applications in biosensing, photothermal therapy, stem cell culture, and tissue engineering. This review therefore provides a comprehensive understanding of graphene and its derivatives and their present and future applications.
近年来，基于石墨烯的纳米复合材料在生物学和生物医学领域越来越受到关注。石墨烯及其衍生物已与药物、核酸、抗体和其他分子结合。这些材料可利用其巨大的比表面积、良好的弹性和延展性、优异的生物相容性以及出色的机械强度，用作纳米复合载体或支架材料。此外，这些复合材料具有很强的近红外吸收能力，可作为光热剂通过物理或化学机制杀死靶细胞。随着细胞和器官移植的重大进展，近年来人们对其中许多材料在组织工程和再生医学中的应用进行了探索。组织工程包括基于具有一定机械强度和导电性的二维和三维石墨烯基基质或支架的骨、神经、心脏和肌肉组织工程，其目的是通过促进成骨、神经元和肌源性分化以及心肌细胞生长来制造生物活性组织，以替代或修复天然组织。在这篇综述中，系统地描述了基于石墨烯的复合物的基本特性，并总结了基于石墨烯的材料在体内和体外的生物医学应用。这篇综述首先从生物相容性和毒性方面讨论了基于石墨烯的材料的安全性，然后讨论了这些材料在生物传感、光热疗法、干细胞培养和组织工程中的应用。因此，这篇综述提供了对石墨烯及其衍生物以及它们当前和未来应用的全面理解。
