Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, IABiMo, INTA-CONICET, Calle Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 6;16(1):e0244724. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244724. eCollection 2021.
The gastrointestinal tract of chickens harbors a highly diverse microbiota contributing not only to nutrition, but also to the physiological development of the gastrointestinal tract. Microbiota composition depends on many factors such as the portion of the intestine as well as the diet, age, genotype, or geographical origin of birds. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the influence of the geographical location over the cecal microbiota from broilers. We used metabarcoding sequencing datasets of the 16S rRNA gene publicly available to compare the composition of the Argentine microbiota against the microbiota of broilers from another seven countries (Germany, Australia, Croatia, Slovenia, United States of America, Hungary, and Malaysia). Geographical location played a dominant role in shaping chicken gut microbiota (Adonis R2 = 0.6325, P = 0.001; Mantel statistic r = 0.1524, P = 4e-04) over any other evaluated factor. The geographical origin particularly affected the relative abundance of the families Bacteroidaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiaceae. Because of the evident divergence of microbiota among countries we coined the term "local microbiota" as convergent feature that conflates non-genetic factors, in the perspective of human-environmental geography. Local microbiota should be taken into consideration as a native overall threshold value for further appraisals when testing the production performance and performing correlation analysis of gut microbiota modulation against different kind of diet and/or management approaches. In this regard, we described the Argentine poultry cecal microbiota by means of samples both from experimental trials and commercial farms. Likewise, we were able to identify a core microbiota composed of 65 operational taxonomic units assigned to seven phyla and 38 families, with the four most abundant taxa belonging to Bacteroides genus, Rikenellaceae family, Clostridiales order, and Ruminococcaceae family.
鸡的胃肠道中栖息着高度多样化的微生物群，这些微生物不仅有助于营养吸收，还有助于胃肠道的生理发育。微生物群的组成取决于许多因素，如肠道的部位以及饮食、年龄、基因型或鸟类的地理位置等。本研究旨在展示地理位置对肉鸡盲肠微生物群的影响。我们使用了公开的 16S rRNA 基因 metabarcoding 测序数据集，比较了来自阿根廷的微生物群与来自其他七个国家（德国、澳大利亚、克罗地亚、斯洛文尼亚、美国、匈牙利和马来西亚）肉鸡的微生物群的组成。地理位置在塑造鸡肠道微生物群方面起着主导作用（Adonis R2 = 0.6325，P = 0.001；Mantel 统计 r = 0.1524，P = 4e-04），超过了任何其他评估因素。地理位置尤其影响了拟杆菌科、乳杆菌科、lachnospiraceae 科、瘤胃球菌科和梭菌科的相对丰度。由于各国之间的微生物群明显存在差异，我们创造了“本地微生物群”一词，作为一个趋同特征，将非遗传因素纳入人类-环境地理学的范畴。在测试生产性能和对不同饮食和/或管理方法进行肠道微生物群调节的相关性分析时，应该考虑本地微生物群作为一个原生的整体阈值值。在这方面，我们通过来自实验和商业农场的样本描述了阿根廷家禽盲肠微生物群。同样，我们能够识别出一个由 65 个操作分类单位组成的核心微生物群，这些单位分配到七个门和 38 个科，其中最丰富的四个分类单元属于拟杆菌属、Rikenellaceae 科、梭状芽胞杆菌目和瘤胃球菌科。
