Terrones-Saeta Juan María, Suárez-Macías Jorge, Iglesias-Godino Francisco Javier, Corpas-Iglesias Francisco Antonio
Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Linares, University of Jaen, Scientific and Technological Campus of Linares, 23700 Linares, Jaen, Spain.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Jan 4;14(1):199. doi: 10.3390/ma14010199.
The greater environmental awareness, new environmental regulations and the optimization of resources make possible the development of sustainable materials as substitutes for the traditional materials used in construction. In this work, geopolymers were developed as substitutes to traditional ceramics for brick manufacture, using as raw materials: chamotte, as a source of aluminosilicate, and biomass bottom ashes from the combustion of almond shell and alpeorujo (by-product produced in the extraction of olive oil composed of solid parts of the olive and vegetable fats), as the alkaline activator. For the feasibility study, samples were made of all possible combinations of both residues from 100% chamotte to 100% biomass bottom ash. The tests carried out on these sample families were the usual physical tests for ceramic materials, notably the compression strength test, as well as colorimetric tests. The freezing test was also carried out to study the in-service behavior of the different sample groups. The families with acceptable results were subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The results of the previous tests showed that the geopolymer was indeed created for the final families and that acceptable mechanical and aging properties were obtained according to European standards. Therefore, the possibility of creating geopolymers with chamotte and biomass bottom ashes as substitutes for conventional ceramics was confirmed, developing an economical, sustainable material, without major changes in equipment and of similar quality to those traditionally used for bricks.
更高的环境意识、新的环境法规以及资源的优化使得开发可持续材料以替代建筑中使用的传统材料成为可能。在这项工作中，开发了地质聚合物作为传统陶瓷的替代品用于制造砖块，使用的原材料包括：硅线石，作为铝硅酸盐的来源；以及杏仁壳和橄榄果渣（橄榄油提取过程中产生的副产品，由橄榄的固体部分和植物脂肪组成）燃烧后的生物质底灰，作为碱性活化剂。为了进行可行性研究，制作了从100%硅线石到100%生物质底灰的两种残渣所有可能组合的样品。对这些样品组进行的测试是陶瓷材料常用的物理测试，特别是抗压强度测试以及比色测试。还进行了冻融试验以研究不同样品组的使用性能。对结果可接受的样品组进行了傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）分析。先前测试的结果表明，最终的样品组确实生成了地质聚合物，并且根据欧洲标准获得了可接受的机械性能和耐久性。因此，证实了使用硅线石和生物质底灰制备地质聚合物以替代传统陶瓷的可能性，开发出了一种经济、可持续的材料，在设备上无需重大改变，且质量与传统砖块相似。
