Biadglegne Fantahun, König Brigitte, Rodloff Arne C, Dorhoi Anca, Sack Ulrich
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, 79 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
J Clin Med. 2021 Jan 4;10(1):145. doi: 10.3390/jcm10010145.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health issue worldwide. In order to contain TB infections, improved vaccines as well as accurate and reliable diagnostic tools are desirable. Exosomes are employed for the diagnosis of various diseases. At present, research on exosomes in TB is still at the preliminary stage. Recent studies have described isolation and characterization of () derived exosomes in vivo and in vitro. -derived exosomes (exo) may be critical for TB pathogenesis by delivering mycobacterial-derived components to the recipient cells. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of exo have revealed a variety of proteins and miRNA, which are utilized by the TB bacteria for pathogenesis. Exosomes has been isolated in body fluids, are amenable for fast detection, and could contribute as diagnostic or prognostic biomarker to disease control. Extraction of exosomes from biological fluids is essential for the exosome research and requires careful standardization for TB. In this review, we summarized the different studies on exo molecules, including protein and miRNA and the method used to detect exosomes in biological fluids and cell culture supernatants. Thus, the detection of exo molecules in biological fluids may have a potential to expedite the diagnosis of TB infection. Moreover, the analysis of exo may generate new aspects in vaccine development.
结核病（TB）仍是全球主要的健康问题。为了控制结核病感染，需要改进疫苗以及准确可靠的诊断工具。外泌体被用于各种疾病的诊断。目前，结核病中外泌体的研究仍处于初步阶段。最近的研究描述了体内和体外（）来源的外泌体的分离和表征。（）来源的外泌体（exo）可能通过将分枝杆菌来源的成分传递给受体细胞而在结核病发病机制中起关键作用。对外泌体的蛋白质组学和转录组学分析揭示了多种蛋白质和微小RNA（miRNA），结核杆菌利用它们来引发疾病。已在体液中分离出外泌体，其便于快速检测，并且可以作为诊断或预后生物标志物有助于疾病控制。从生物体液中提取外泌体对外泌体研究至关重要，并且结核病需要仔细标准化。在本综述中，我们总结了关于外泌体分子的不同研究，包括蛋白质和miRNA以及用于检测生物体液和细胞培养上清液中外泌体的方法。因此，检测生物体液中的外泌体分子可能有加快结核病感染诊断的潜力。此外，对外泌体的分析可能会在疫苗开发中产生新的方向。
