Wallis C, Milella L, Colyer A, O'Flynn C, Harris S, Holcombe L J
WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK.
The Veterinary Dental Surgery, Byfleet, Surrey, UK.
BMC Vet Res. 2021 Jan 6;17(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02660-5.
Periodontal disease is the most common oral disease of dogs worldwide and results from a complex interplay between plaque bacteria, the host and environmental factors. Recent studies have enhanced our understanding of the associations between the plaque microbiota and canine periodontal disease. These studies, however, were limited in their geographical reach. Thus associations between the canine oral microbiota and geographical location were investigated by determining the composition of subgingival plaque samples from 587 dogs residing in the United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), China and Thailand using 454-pyrosequencing.
After quality filtering 6,944,757 sequence reads were obtained and clustering of these at ≥98% sequence resulted in 280 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) following exclusion of rare OTUs (present at < 0.05% in all four countries). The subgingival plaque from dog populations located in the UK, USA, China and Thailand had a similar composition although the abundance of certain taxa varied significantly among geographical locations. Exploration of the effect of clinical status and age revealed a marked similarity among the bacteria associated with increased age and those associated with gingivitis: Young dogs and those with no gingivitis were dominated by taxa from the phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria whereas older dogs and those with moderate gingivitis were dominated by members of the Firmicutes. The plaque microbiota of small breed dogs was found to significantly differ to medium and large breeds and was dominated by species belonging to the Firmicutes.
The bacterial associations with health, gingivitis and periodontitis were conserved across dogs from the UK, USA, China and Thailand. These bacterial signatures of periodontal health and disease have potential as biomarkers for disease detection.
牙周病是全球犬类最常见的口腔疾病，由菌斑细菌、宿主和环境因素之间复杂的相互作用引起。最近的研究增进了我们对菌斑微生物群与犬牙周病之间关联的理解。然而，这些研究的地理范围有限。因此，通过使用454焦磷酸测序法测定来自英国、美国、中国和泰国的587只犬的龈下菌斑样本的组成，研究了犬口腔微生物群与地理位置之间的关联。
经过质量过滤后，获得了6,944,757条序列读数，将这些读数以≥98%的序列进行聚类，排除罕见操作分类单元（在所有四个国家中出现频率<0.05%）后得到280个操作分类单元（OTU）。英国、美国、中国和泰国犬群的龈下菌斑组成相似，尽管某些分类群的丰度在不同地理位置之间存在显著差异。对临床状态和年龄影响的探索显示，与年龄增长相关的细菌和与牙龈炎相关的细菌之间存在明显相似性：幼犬和无牙龈炎的犬以拟杆菌门和变形菌门的分类群为主，而老年犬和中度牙龈炎的犬以厚壁菌门成员为主。发现小型犬的菌斑微生物群与中型和大型犬有显著差异，且以厚壁菌门的物种为主。
来自英国、美国、中国和泰国的犬在健康、牙龈炎和牙周炎方面的细菌关联是一致的。这些牙周健康和疾病的细菌特征有潜力作为疾病检测的生物标志物。
