Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2021 Jan 7;19(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s12958-020-00686-w.
Spermatogenesis is a complex process that is controlled by interactions between germ cells and somatic cells. The commitment of undifferentiated spermatogonia to differentiating spermatogonia and normal spermatogenesis requires the action of gonadotropins. Additionally, numerous studies revealed the role of retinoic acid signaling in induction of germ cell differentiation and meiosis entry.
Recent studies have shown that expression of several RA signaling molecules including Rdh10, Aldh1a2, Crabp1/2 are influenced by changes in gonadotropin levels. Components of signaling pathways that are regulated by FSH signaling such as GDNF, Sohlh1/2, c-Kit, DMRT, BMP4 and NRGs along with transcription factors that are important for proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia are also affected by retinoic acid signaling.
According to all studies that demonstrate the interface between FSH and RA signaling, we suggest that RA may trigger spermatogonia differentiation and initiation of meiosis through regulation by FSH signaling in testis. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the correlation between FSH and RA signaling in spermatogenesis is highlighted.
精子发生是一个复杂的过程，由生殖细胞和体细胞之间的相互作用所控制。精原细胞向分化精原细胞的分化和正常精子发生需要促性腺激素的作用。此外，许多研究揭示了维甲酸信号在诱导生殖细胞分化和减数分裂进入中的作用。
最近的研究表明，几种 RA 信号分子的表达，包括 Rdh10、Aldh1a2、Crabp1/2，受到促性腺激素水平变化的影响。由 FSH 信号调节的信号通路的组成部分，如 GDNF、Sohlh1/2、c-Kit、DMRT、BMP4 和 NRGs 以及对精原细胞增殖和分化很重要的转录因子，也受到维甲酸信号的影响。
根据所有表明 FSH 和 RA 信号之间界面的研究，我们认为 RA 可能通过 FSH 信号在睾丸中的调节来触发精原细胞的分化和减数分裂的开始。因此，据我们所知，这是首次强调 FSH 和 RA 信号在精子发生中的相关性。
