Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.
Pneumology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.
BMC Psychol. 2021 Jan 6;9(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s40359-020-00498-y.
Severe asthma affects a small population but carries a high psychopathological risk. Therefore, the psychodemographic profile of these patients is of interest. A substantial prevalence of anxiety, depression, alexithymia and hyperventilation syndrome in severe asthma is known, but contradictory results have been observed. These factors can also affect patients' quality of life. For this reasons, our purpose is to evaluate the psychodemographic profile of patients with severe asthma and assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, alexithymia and hyperventilation syndrome and their impact on the quality of life of patients with severe asthma.
A cross-sectional study of 63 patients with severe asthma. Their psychodemographic profile was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Nijmegen questionnaire and Asthma Control Test (ACT) to determine the state of anxiety and depression, alexithymia, hyperventilation syndrome and control of asthma, respectively. Quality of life was assessed with the Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini-AQLQ).
The mean age was 60 ± 13.6 years. Personal psychopathological histories were found in 65.1% of participants, and 8% reported previous suicidal attempts. The rate of anxiety and/or depression (HADS ≥ 11) was 68.3%. These patients present higher scores on the TAS-20 (p < 0.001) for the level of dyspnea (p = 0.021), and for emotional function (p = 0.017) on the Mini-AQLQ, compared with patients without anxiety or depression. Alexithymia (TAS-20 ≥ 61) was observed in 42.9% of patients; these patients were older (p = 0.037) and had a higher HADS score (p = 0.019) than patients with asthma without alexithymia. On the other hand, patients with hyperventilation syndrome (Nijmegen ≥ 23) scored higher on the HADS (p < 0.05), on the Mini-AQLQ (p = 0.002) and on the TAS-20 (p = 0.044) than the group without hyperventilation syndrome. Quality of life was related to anxiety-depression symptomatology (r = - 0.302; p = 0.016) and alexithymia (r = - 0.264; p = 0.036). Finally, the Mini-AQLQ total score was associated with the Nijmegen questionnaire total score (r = - 0.317; p = 0.011), and the activity limitation domain of the Mini-AQLQ correlated with the ACT total score (r = 0.288; p = 0.022).
The rate of anxiety, depression, alexithymia and hyperventilation syndrome is high in patients with severe asthma. Each of these factors is associated with a poor quality of life.
严重哮喘影响一小部分人群，但具有较高的心理病理风险。因此，这些患者的心理人口统计学特征是很有意义的。大量研究表明，严重哮喘患者中普遍存在焦虑、抑郁、述情障碍和过度通气综合征，但也有相互矛盾的结果。这些因素也会影响患者的生活质量。出于这些原因，我们的目的是评估严重哮喘患者的心理人口统计学特征，并评估焦虑、抑郁、述情障碍和过度通气综合征的发生率及其对严重哮喘患者生活质量的影响。
对 63 名严重哮喘患者进行横断面研究。使用医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）、多伦多述情障碍量表（TAS-20）、奈梅亨问卷和哮喘控制测试（ACT）评估他们的心理人口统计学特征，分别评估焦虑和抑郁状态、述情障碍、过度通气综合征和哮喘控制情况。使用迷你哮喘生活质量问卷（Mini-AQLQ）评估生活质量。
平均年龄为 60±13.6 岁。65.1%的参与者有个人心理病理史，8%报告有过自杀未遂。焦虑和/或抑郁（HADS≥11）的发生率为 68.3%。与无焦虑或抑郁的患者相比，这些患者在 TAS-20 上的呼吸困难水平（p<0.001）和情绪功能（p=0.017）得分更高。在 42.9%的患者中观察到述情障碍（TAS-20≥61）；这些患者年龄较大（p=0.037），HADS 评分较高（p=0.019）。另一方面，过度通气综合征（Nijmegen≥23）患者在 HADS（p<0.05）、Mini-AQLQ（p=0.002）和 TAS-20（p=0.044）上的评分高于无过度通气综合征患者。生活质量与焦虑抑郁症状（r=-0.302;p=0.016）和述情障碍（r=-0.264;p=0.036）有关。最后，Mini-AQLQ 总分与奈梅亨问卷总分呈负相关（r=-0.317;p=0.011），Mini-AQLQ 的活动受限域与 ACT 总分呈正相关（r=0.288;p=0.022）。
严重哮喘患者中焦虑、抑郁、述情障碍和过度通气综合征的发生率较高。这些因素中的每一个都与较差的生活质量有关。
