Koppers Max, Özkan Nazmiye, Farías Ginny G
Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Dec 21;8:618733. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618733. eCollection 2020.
Membrane-bound and membraneless organelles/biomolecular condensates ensure compartmentalization into functionally distinct units enabling proper organization of cellular processes. Membrane-bound organelles form dynamic contacts with each other to enable the exchange of molecules and to regulate organelle division and positioning in coordination with the cytoskeleton. Crosstalk between the cytoskeleton and dynamic membrane-bound organelles has more recently also been found to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Interestingly, recent work has revealed that, in addition, the cytoskeleton and membrane-bound organelles interact with cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates. The extent and relevance of these complex interactions are just beginning to emerge but may be important for cytoskeletal organization and organelle transport and remodeling. In this review, we highlight these emerging functions and emphasize the complex interplay of the cytoskeleton with these organelles. The crosstalk between membrane-bound organelles, biomolecular condensates and the cytoskeleton in highly polarized cells such as neurons could play essential roles in neuronal development, function and maintenance.
膜结合细胞器和无膜细胞器/生物分子凝聚物确保细胞区室化形成功能不同的单元，从而使细胞过程得以正确组织。膜结合细胞器相互形成动态接触，以实现分子交换，并与细胞骨架协调调节细胞器的分裂和定位。最近还发现，细胞骨架与动态膜结合细胞器之间的相互作用也能调节细胞骨架的组织。有趣的是，最近的研究表明，此外，细胞骨架和膜结合细胞器还与细胞质生物分子凝聚物相互作用。这些复杂相互作用的程度和相关性刚刚开始显现，但可能对细胞骨架组织以及细胞器运输和重塑很重要。在本综述中，我们重点介绍这些新出现的功能，并强调细胞骨架与这些细胞器之间的复杂相互作用。在高度极化的细胞（如神经元）中，膜结合细胞器、生物分子凝聚物和细胞骨架之间的相互作用可能在神经元发育、功能和维持中发挥重要作用。
