Kausar Ammarah, Sattar Abdul, Xu Chenzhe, Zhang Suicai, Kang Zhuo, Zhang Yue
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2021 Mar 1;50(4):2696-2736. doi: 10.1039/d0cs01316a.
Metal-halide hybrid perovskites have prompted the prosperity of the sustainable energy field and simultaneously demonstrated their great potential in meeting both the growing consumption of energy and the increasing social development requirements. Their inimitable features such as strong absorption ability, direct photogeneration of free carriers, long carrier diffusion lengths, ease of fabrication, and low production cost triggered the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) at an incredible rate, which soon reached power conversion efficiencies up to the commercialized level. During their evolution process, it has been witnessed that alkali metal cations play a pivotal role in the crystal structure as well as intrinsic properties of hybrid perovskites, thus enabling the unique positioning of the correlated doping strategy in the development history of PSCs in the past decade. Herein, we summarize the growth and progress of the state-of-the-art alkali metal cation (Cs+, Rb+, K+, Na+, Li+) doping in the field of hybrid perovskite-based photovoltaics. To start with, the accurate identification of different alkali metal-occupied locations in the perovskite crystal lattice are discussed in detail with highlighted advanced characterization methods. Beyond that, the location-dependent functions induced by alkali metal doping are intensely focused upon and comprehensively assessed, indicating their versatile and special effects on perovskites in terms of bottleneck issues such as crystallinity modulation, crystal structure stabilization, defect passivation, and ion-migration inhibition. Thereafter, we are committed to analyze their responsible working mechanisms so as to unveil the relationship between occupied locations and crucial roles for each doped cation. The systematical overview and in-depth understanding of the superiorities of such strategies together with their future challenges and prospects would further boost the advancement of perovskite-related fields.
金属卤化物杂化钙钛矿推动了可持续能源领域的繁荣，同时在满足不断增长的能源消耗和日益提高的社会发展需求方面展现出巨大潜力。它们具有诸如强吸收能力、自由载流子直接光生、长载流子扩散长度、易于制备和低成本等独特特性，这促使钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）以惊人的速度发展，其功率转换效率很快就达到了商业化水平。在其发展过程中，人们发现碱金属阳离子在杂化钙钛矿的晶体结构和固有性质中起着关键作用，从而使相关掺杂策略在过去十年PSC的发展历程中具有独特地位。在此，我们总结了基于杂化钙钛矿的光伏领域中最先进的碱金属阳离子（Cs +、Rb +、K +、Na +、Li +）掺杂的发展与进步。首先，详细讨论了用突出的先进表征方法准确识别钙钛矿晶格中不同碱金属占据位置的情况。除此之外，碱金属掺杂引起的位置依赖性功能受到了强烈关注并得到全面评估，表明它们在诸如结晶度调制、晶体结构稳定、缺陷钝化和离子迁移抑制等瓶颈问题方面对钙钛矿具有多方面的特殊作用。此后，我们致力于分析其作用机制，以揭示每个掺杂阳离子的占据位置与关键作用之间的关系。对这些策略优势的系统概述和深入理解，以及它们未来的挑战和前景，将进一步推动钙钛矿相关领域的发展。
